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The amount and composition of urine are not the same for differentof people. These parameters are influenced by the nature of nutrition, sex and age characteristics, and the level of physical activity. Environmental conditions also play a role. The formation of urine (diuresis) occurs in the kidneys. It varies and depends on the time of day, as well as the state of the body. At night and with physical activity, a smaller volume of urine is formed than by day and at rest. The urine is 95% water, with the remaining 5% attributable to organic and inorganic substances. The former mainly include the products of nitrogen metabolism. Inorganic substances, as a rule, are represented by various chemical compounds.

Products of nitrogen metabolism in the composition of urine

Urea is an organic product of nitrogenousmetabolism, formed in the liver. Its function is to transfer nitrogen. The amount of urea correlates with protein metabolism. Uric acid is another organic element of urine, the final product of purine metabolism. The latter are important constituents of the cell, they are found in almost all products. Accumulation of uric acid negatively affects human health, this is the case with some types of kidney disease. Creatinin is the final product of protein metabolism, formed in the muscles. Its elevated level is found in people with a large muscle mass. In the absence of such an excess of creatinine may indicate renal failure or hyperthyroidism.

What other substances can be found in the composition of urine?

Urine also contains amino acids and theirderivatives. The level of their content depends on the nature of nutrition and liver function. It should remain low, otherwise there is reason to suspect liver disease. The yellow color of urine is given by urochromes. These are derivatives of bile pigments. Due to the oxidation of urichromes, urine can acquire a darker color. In the composition of urine, it is also possible to meet oxalic and lactic acid salts. Glucose is normal in urine should not be. In diseases of the kidneys or urinary organs in the urine may appear erythrocytes. The inorganic composition of urine includes a number of ions and chemical compounds. Among them, sodium cations, calcium cations, chlorine anions and others. The amount of inorganic substances directly depends on the nature of nutrition. Normally, the urine reaction is weakly acidic. With protein nutrition, its acidity rises, and when the plant reaction approaches alkaline.