Tip 1: Where are the lymph nodes
Tip 1: Where are the lymph nodes
Lymph nodes are part of the body's lymphatic systemrights. They participate in the creation of immune cells, regulate the processes of digestion and control the metabolism. These are small organs that are located in several parts of the body: under the knees, in the groin, on the elbows, under the armpits, under the collarbones in and other places.
Lymphonoduses
The human body permeates not only the blood,but also lymphatic vessels, through which the lymph-fluid moves, participates in creating immunity, protecting the body from bacteria and viruses, metabolism and other important processes. In some parts of the body these vessels pass through special filters - the lymph nodes. These are small rounded formations ranging in size from 0.5 to 50 millimeters. Inside the nodes, lymph flows more slowly, cleared of foreign particles and enriched with antibodies, important for immunity cells. When foreign substances enter by lymph into the lymph node, an immune response begins in the body: a liquid trapped inside special cavities with pathogenic and harmful antigens is carefully processed and purified with the help of lymphocytes developed in advance. In complex diseases, the size of the zones where foreign substances accumulate increase, the lymph node becomes inflamed and becomes larger. This may indicate the presence of infection in the human body, the development of a malignant tumor, the allergic reaction after an insect bite. In some cases, the lymph node becomes larger even for minor reasons. The location of the lymph nodes is important not only to the doctor, but also to ordinary people, to distinguish the node's inflammation from other disorders and to seek medical help on time. Their inflammation can not be ignored, it is necessary to identify the cause, since this can be a serious illness.Location of lymph nodes
Lymph nodes are located in the human body in groups, ineach of which is up to 10 pieces. Each of them is responsible for its area of the body, and only in the head there are none, since the cervical nodes protect it from one side, and the skull on the other. In this area are the chin and submandibular nodes, and from the back - cervical and occipital. There are several filters of the lymphatic system above the clavicles and under it. In the chest there are intrathoracic mediastinal nodes, on the right side of them is located a smaller group - bronchopulmonary nodes. They are surrounded by fatty tissue, so they can not be probed. In the abdomen there are para-aortic nodes, mesenteric nodes to the right of them, and splenic on the left. Below are the abdominal lymph nodes, and in the groin - femoral and inguinal. A number of these organs are under the knees, in the elbows, under the armpits. Healthy lymphonoduses should be hardly probed, not causing painful sensations. As a rule, the health problem is in the area where these nodes are enlarged or hurt.Tip 2: Where are the lymph nodes in humans?
In the lymphatic system, there are lymphatic capillaries and vessels, and in the course of the lymphatic vessels are located lymph nodes - bean-shaped formations that work as biological filters.
How does the lymphatic system work?
Lymphatic capillaries consist of a single layercells of epithelial tissue and absorb small particles and excess tissue fluid. From the capillaries, the lymph flows away from the vessels that merge with each other, forming large vessels and flowing into the veins.Along with the circulatory system, the lymphatic system is one of the transport systems of the body.Small pinkish lymph nodes,the course of lymphatic vessels, detain lymph and filter it from various harmful "impurities" - pathogenic microorganisms, dead cells, foreign proteins. Immune cells attack the filtered impurities and destroy them, so we can say that the lymph node is the organ of not only the lymphatic system but also the immune system.
Location of lymph nodes
At the person in an organism from 400 up to 1000lymph nodes. They are under the jaw, on the neck, in the pits on the folds of the limbs, in the thoracic and abdominal cavities, in the groin, axillae and other places of the body. In the lymph nodes, protective antibodies are produced and lymphocytes are formed.With a significant load on the lymph node it can increase in size and even become inflamed. After the illness, it will decrease again, but it will remain denser.In young children, who have nothinghave had a rest, soft and tiny lymphonoduses to probe under a skin it is very complex or difficult. In most adults, lymph nodes can be found on the neck and under the jaw, but in the ulnar or knee fossa, if the arm or leg has never had inflammation, the nodes remain as soft and small, and it is not easy to find them.
Lymph nodes in the thoracic and abdominal cavity can not be seen and touched. It happens that the inflammation of the lymph node in the abdomen is taken for appendicitis.
What will tell the state of the lymph node
When you feel the lymph nodes the doctor drawsattention to their size, consistency, soreness or painlessness, adhesion between themselves and surrounding tissues. All these characteristics help to establish an accurate diagnosis. So, painless enlarged lymph nodes indicate that nearby tissues are exposed to some kind of infection, and this can be ordinary caries, sore throat or runny nose. If the site is enlarged and painful on palpation, it is likely that the inflammation flows in it. In the case of very dense and merging lymph nodes one can suspect a malignant tumor.Tip 3: Why do lymph nodes increase?
Lymph nodes are the formationsof lymphoid tissue, located in a shell of connective tissue. They are in the lymphatic system throughout the body and can catch bacteria that move with the current of the lymph.
Increased lymph nodes most often indicate that the body has an inflammatory process. The function of the lymph nodes is to filter all the components that enter the circulatory system. And when in lymph nodes pathogenic microorganismsactive work of lymphocytes that kill harmful bacteria. If the number of bacteria is large and they continue to multiply, then the number of lymphocytes increases - the nodes begin to grow, inflame, redden the skin above them, painful sensations appear. lymph nodes always big, it hurts to touch them,a person may get fever and a general malaise is fixed. Reddened skin above the lymph node indicates that the purulent process has begun - sometimes a person's condition worsens sharply, chills, fever, etc. begin. If the lymph node is enlarged, but not much, does not hurt and the general condition is not disturbed, this is a sign of active functioning of the lymph node. It happens when the disease occurs without severe intoxication or the disease has already passed. After some time the lymph node gets normal sizes. Often the cause of the increase in lymph nodes is an infectious disease, less often - an oncological one. Inflammation of the lymph nodes can be a sign of normal sore throat or ARVI or severe illness (leukemia, lymphoma, etc.). Children lymph nodes inflamed more often than adults. In very young children, some lymph nodes slightly enlarged in size and can actabove the surface of the skin - this can be an individual characteristic of the child. But if the inflammation is pronounced and the size of the lymph node is more than two centimeters, then this is already a sign of a serious damage to the body. If there is a chronic infection in the body lymph nodes Do not hurt, but slightly increased in size. Such they can remain after a viral or bacterial infection, as well as during the transition of an acute disease to a chronic stage (chronic tonsillitis, for example). Lymph nodes can become inflamed after vaccination, but after a few weeks they must reach their original size. Sometimes the intake of some medications is the cause of increased lymph nodes (in people with hypersensitivity to drugs).
Tip 4: Why are lymph nodes in the child enlarged?
Lymph nodes are the most important organs of the immune system. They are the first to meet on their way almost all foreign agents and try to prevent their penetration into the human body.
Instructions
1
It is only natural that lymph nodes react sensitivelyon many internal and external aggressive factors. Moreover, the increase in these organs is the most logical response to such an impact. Lymph nodes are located in small groups throughout the human body, but in healthy people they can be felt in no more than 3 groups in the form of small soft balls (cervical, axillary, inguinal).
2
The increase in the size of the lymph nodes (as a rule,cervical) is often found in childhood. The causes can be very different: numerous infectious diseases, allergic reaction, metabolic disorders, adverse ecological conditions, blood diseases, parasites, quality and nature of nutrition and others. Children are more likely to suffer from various negative effects, because their immune system is only being formed and can not adequately respond to negative influences from outside.
3
The search for the causes of enlarged lymph nodes in a childbegin with a consultation of a pediatrician, as well as clinical analysis of urine and feces. In cases of incomprehensible or unusual local growth of lymph nodes, a thorough and detailed examination of the condition of the baby is necessary. Remember that enlarged lymph nodes are not an independent disease, in a separate symptom. Therefore, all the forces need to focus on identifying the underlying disease and its treatment.
Tip 5: Which lymph nodes increase with HIV
The human immunodeficiency virus, also called HIV, is an infectious disease that affects the immune system. One of its signs is a noticeable increase in lymph nodes.
The virus of immunodeficiency "lives" in the blood of a person: getting there, it destroys the immune cells, and thus the body loses its ability to resist further spread of the infection.
HIV Infection
Because the virus is in the blood, the mainAs a rule, the contact with the blood of an infected person is the way of infection. This contact can occur for various reasons: for example, such as blood transfusion, the use of common medical instruments, including syringes, as well as unprotected sex, are common. In addition, HIV infection can be transmitted from mother to child, both during the gestation and delivery, and during breastfeeding. It should be borne in mind that the list of methods of infection is not exhaustive: other options for contact with the blood of a sick person can also lead to infection.Symptoms of HIV
HIV infection belongs to the category of so-calledlentiviruses, that is, those that can exist in the human body for a sufficiently long time, without giving out their presence. Thus, experts argue that about half of people infected with HIV do not manifest themselves in the first ten years after infection. Nevertheless, the remaining half may suffer from the symptoms of this disease. Some of them have a fairly general nature, for example, such as weakness, fever and the like. These symptoms are difficult to identify as signs of the disease. However, there are specific symptoms that are specific for the presence of HIV infection in the body. One such symptom is the enlargement of the lymph nodes. This is a rather characteristic symptom, which sooner or later appears in almost 90% of cases. Most of the pathological increase affects the lymph nodes located above the waist: near the armpits, ears, collarbones, chin, jaw, neck and neck. The last group of lymph nodes in infection with HIV infection increases especially often. However, other types of lymph nodes can also change, for example, located in the groin, thighs or knees. The increase in lymph nodes in HIV infection is due to the fact that they contain many immune cells that are affected by the infection. As a rule, specialists consider as a sufficiently reliable sign of HIV the change of two or more groups of lymph nodes, which can reach values from 0.5 to 5 or more centimeters in diameter. However, if a person discovers a noticeable increase in at least one lymph node, he should immediately consult a doctor.Tip 6: Why do lymph nodes become inflamed?
Lymph nodes play a huge role in protectingorganism. In essence, they are immune traps designed to kill disease-causing microorganisms with the help of white blood cells-lymphocytes. But sometimes these microorganisms are so numerous that lymphocytes can not cope with them. As a result, lymph nodes become inflamed, increasing in size and becoming painful to the touch.
