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Viral hepatitis A (Botkin's disease) is one of the mostthe most common in the world. Almost all people endure this disease sooner or later. Mostly sick children, the disease is very similar to the usual intestinal infection. Ways of transmission of the virus - food, water and contact-household.

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Especially often, viral hepatitis A is transmittedthrough fecal contaminated water, so there are often local outbreaks of infection. The contact-household way of transmission of infection is more often realized in children's institutions (gardens, schools) and is associated with a low level of hygiene ("dirty hand disease"). Infection occurs through contact with contaminated toys and household items.

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Viral hepatitis E is another type of disease withfecal-oral transmission mechanism. The source of the infection is a sick person who secretes the virus with feces. In general, infection with the virus occurs by water through the use of contaminated water. Often, outbreaks occur in countries with hot climates and low sanitary levels of drinking water.

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There is another way to transmit viralhepatitis E - food. Infection with the virus is possible by eating raw shellfish and crustaceans, which are a natural reservoir of the virus. The contact-household way of transmission of infection is practically not realized. This is due to the fact that the concentration of the virus in the feces is quite low, and the infectious dose is high.

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Viral hepatitis B is an infection that is characteristic only offor a person, is transmitted through the blood. The source of the infection is a patient with hepatitis B or a carrier. The most frequent route of transmission is hemocontact. For infection, it is enough that only a tenth of a drop of the patient's blood falls on the damaged skin or mucous membranes of a healthy person. Infection can occur through a medical toolkit, stained with the patient's blood, needles for piercing, tattooing. People who use intravenous drugs are also at risk for viral hepatitis B.

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Sexual way is another way of transmission of hepatitisC. All kinds of sexual contacts are dangerous. The virus is also transmitted by the household way. When using the same manicure accessories, combs, toothbrushes, and utensils together with a sick person, there is a high risk of infection. A mother can infect her child in utero, during labor and during breastfeeding.

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The hepatitis D virus, in fact, is defective andalone can not cause disease. Reproduction of the virus is possible only in the presence of the hepatitis B virus. A person can get viral hepatitis D if he is already infected with hepatitis B, or both viruses are transmitted simultaneously. Ways of transmission of viral hepatitis D are the same as hepatitis B (through blood, sexual, domestic, through breast milk and intrauterine).

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Viral hepatitis C is another commoninfection. The source of the infection is a sick person and a carrier of the virus. Infection occurs through the blood. The infectious dose of this type of hepatitis is higher than, for example, in hepatitis B, therefore, the transmission of infection requires more blood of the patient. Previously, infection often occurred during blood transfusion. In addition, poorly processed medical instruments, needles are factors in the transmission of the virus. Injecting drug users are also at risk for this disease. In a small percentage of cases, the disease can spread sexually and in utero from mother to child.