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Instructions

1

In the civilized countries of the world have long been actingthe program for the destruction of nuclear warheads: the lesson of Hiroshima and Nagasaki was not wasted. But there are a lot of nuclear power plants on the planet that are not protected from accidents. Therefore, every person should know the symptoms of radiation sickness and dangerous doses of radiation. The dose of radiation is measured in two units: Sievert and Gray. In Sievert the dose of effective and equivalent irradiation is expressed, and in Gries - the dose of absorbed radiation. But by their values ​​they are practically equal and do not require conversion from one unit to another.

2

Radiation sickness is acute and chronic. Acute radiation sickness develops with a single and relatively short irradiation in a dose of more than 1 Gy. Symptoms of acute radiation sickness are the following: - gradual temperature increase, - severe vomiting, - "bone marrow dying" when it is no longer able to produce white blood cells, as a result, the body is absolutely helpless before infections, - confusion, - severe headaches, - skin burns of a "ray" nature, when the skin becomes intense and almost uniformly reddens - the appearance of intradermal hemorrhages due to the defeat of capillaries - frequent loose stools associated with death and rejection intestinal mucosa; - depletion caused by the impossibility of metabolizing food and water due to intestinal lesions; - ulceration of the oral mucosa with impaired taste. The clinical picture proceeds with a pronounced division at the stage: - the initial stage, is expressed by the symptoms of intoxication of the body, - imaginary well-being - the symptoms subside, and the subject feels better, however, the blood picture is already changing - the heat is the most difficult stage when all the symptoms and manifestations begin to "bloom" - vomiting becomes uncontrollable, diarrhea is permanent, all the hair on the body falls out, the temperature rises, secondary infections join in; - recovery - the body was able to overcome the disease, but full The recovery takes an average of two years.

3

A dose of 6 Gy and above is considered fatal, butabsolutely fatal irradiation in a dose exceeding 10 Gy. In this case, it is customary to talk about death under a ray, because a person dies directly during irradiation. But we must understand that the restoration of the body is possible only with small doses of radiation. In other cases, the likelihood of recovery is close to 50%, but the patient may die at any time.

4

Chronic radiation sickness develops whenlong-term receipt of small doses of radiation, when the total dose of radiation exceeds 1 Gy. Often this happens in employees of X-ray rooms, in employees of nuclear power plants and in people living in areas contaminated by radiation. The disease develops slowly and smoothly, without pronounced clinical manifestations. However, the danger lies in the fact that in the case of chronic radiation sickness malignant neoplasms of different localization develop very often. Other effects of chronic exposure include: - violations in the sexual sphere - impotence and infertility - eye damage, usually premature clouding of the lens of the eye; degeneration of normal tissues into a connective tissue - development of sclerotic processes in large blood vessels and in the lungs - genetic and teratogenic effects in which multiple exposures ceases risk of having children and grandchildren with mutations and urodstvami.Poetomu concept of peaceful nuclear energy is very relative. Irradiation even in small doses can lead to certain consequences.