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Squamous cell carcinoma is a malignant tumor,which can be formed in any organ where there is a flat epithelium. This can be the esophagus, the oral cavity, the cervix, as well as the lungs, the larynx, the whole skin, etc. Squamous cell carcinoma is less common in cancer of other organs, it is often this form of the disease that leads to death. Among the white population, people with lighter skin are more often ill. Insects do not play any role in Asians and African Americans, and cancer develops under the influence of other factors.

Causes and Symptoms

The causes of the disease can be keratosis, especially inOld age, long unhealed wounds, burns and inflammations. If the patient suffered from pigment xeroderma or x-ray dermatitis, he could also develop such a form of cancer. The human papilloma virus, complicated by the influence of carcinogenic factors, often provokes the development of skin cancer. Symptoms of the disease: - formation on the skin, having the form of a tumor, gradually increasing in size and having the appearance of an unhealed ulcer; - often such an ulcer oozes with an unpleasant odor; - the scar can grow, crack, bleed and acquire a more dense structure; - the plaque present on the skin does not disappear for a long time and gradually increases; - Regional lymph nodes increase.

Diagnosis and treatment

Diagnosing this disease is not difficult, because. The pathological focus is visible to the naked eye. In addition to general examination, the doctor takes a tissue sample from the outbreak to study under a microscope and determine whether this tumor is a squamous cell carcinoma or a different disease. X-rays, MRI, CT, etc. are used to detect metastases. Squamous cell cancer is treated with the following methods: - surgical removal of the tumor; - electrocoagulation. Cancer cells are exposed to an electric current of a special frequency, leading to their destruction; - cryodestruction. This method involves exposing cancer cells to extremely low temperatures; - photodynamic therapy; - Chemotherapy; - laser treatment; - exposure to the tumor with X-rays, which destroys malignant cells. The method of treatment is chosen individually, depending on the stage of the disease, the localization of cancer and the size of the focus.

Causes of development and prevalence of cancer of the lip

Lower lip cancer occurs quite often. Among 100 thousand people four have this disease. Most often, this disease affects men. Analyzing the geographical distribution of the disease, it can be noted that the highest incidence rate is observed among the rural population in comparison with the city population. The main factors that contribute to the development of lower lip cancer include the following: alcohol consumption, smoking, unsatisfactory teeth condition (caries, inappropriate Orthopedic structures in the oral cavity, the presence of dental calculi, bite anomalies), ultraviolet irradiation. Among harmful industrial factors, one can note industrial dust in the textile, leather and coal industries, as well as contact with petroleum products. To the previous cancer of the lip diseases include warty papillomatosis of the red border of the lower lip, leukoplakia and keratoacanthoma, limited precancerous hyperkeratosis, cheilitis of various genesis and cutaneous horn. Pre-cancerous diseases can be diffuse or focal. Treatment of diffuse processes is performed by a dentist. In turn, focal diseases require surgical intervention, for example, diathermocoagulation or cryodestruction. The cancer of the lower lip is usually located on the red border of the lip, away from the middle line, in rare cases in the corners of the mouth. Even more rare is the cancer of the upper lip. According to the structure of the tissue that forms the tumor, the cancer of the lip is referred to the squamous keratinizing form of the oncological disease. Metastasis in this case usually occurs in the lymphogenous way into the chin, deep cervical, parotid, submandibular lymph nodes. Since there is a connection between the lymph nodes through the lymphatic vessels, there is often a two-sided metastasis. Very rarely with squamous nonkeratinized lip cancer, this process can begin in internal organs.

Diagnosis and treatment of cancer of the lips

Diagnosis of lip cancer is not difficult,Since the lesion is available for examination already in the early stages and is diagnosed fairly quickly in 90% of cases. Primary examination with palpation of the tumor and lymphatic drainage zones allows the oncologist to establish a diagnosis. But the morphological examination of the tumor remains mandatory. To treat cancer of the lip, all possible methods of therapy are used: irradiation, medical and surgical methods. The most common type of treatment is radiation therapy, which can be used in the first or second stage of tumor development. Cryodestruction is quite effective, but it is used only at the first stage of the disease. Surgical treatment at an early stage is not used to avoid a significant cosmetic defect.

Factors contributing to skin cancer

Among other malignant tumors, cancerSkin is considered a fairly common form of the disease. According to statistics, men can develop skin cancer 1.3 times more often than women. Among the urban population, the intensity of skin cancer is very high and ranks fourth among cancer diseases, second only to cancer of the stomach, breast and lungs. The highest incidence of skin cancer among the population over the age of sixty. Currently, many factors are known that affect the onset of skin cancer. Among them, insolation, the effects of soot and tar, various hydrocarbons and lubricating oils, prolonged contact with tar, arsenic or asphalt, thermal and mechanical injuries, as well as occupational hazards, such as irradiation in the work of an x-ray physician, can be distinguished. The harmful effect of tobacco smoke condensation on the skin has been experimentally proven. Various pathological conditions of the skin, which are attributed to precancerous ones, against which the transformation of normal skin cells into malignant (cancerous) can occur, are the cause of skin cancer. These conditions are divided into obligate progenitors (those that necessarily transform into cancer) and facultative precursors (which do not always translate into cancer). To obligate skin ancestors include diseases of Paget and Bowen, pigment xeroderma and erythroplasia of Keira. To optional include keratoacantham, trophic ulcers, hyper- and dyskeratosis of senile age.

Types of Skin Cancer

Skin cancer, depending on its structure,Is divided into squamous and basal cell types. Basal cell carcinoma accounts for about seventy percent of all cancers of the skin. The distinguishing feature of this kind of skin cancer is its local-destructive growth. And basal cell carcinoma develops from the basal layer of the epidermis. The surface, infiltrative and papillary forms of skin cancer are prominent. Clinical signs of the disease are characterized by the presence of a seal in the form of a gray-yellow plaque, which slowly increases in size, and eventually forms an ulcer with undermined margins and infiltration of surrounding tissues. Ploskocellular cancer can often occur against a background of different precancerous skin diseases. From basal cell, such skin cancer is characterized by faster growth and frequent relapses after treatment. Also squamous cell carcinoma is characterized by metastasis to the lymph nodes, internal organs and bones. Diagnosis of skin cancer is based on carefully collected history, examination, palpation, as well as histological and cytological studies. Since the skin is easily accessible for research, many doctors use the biopsy method to diagnose many skin diseases.