Tip 1: How to build a metro yourself

Not just

Tip 1: How to build a metro yourself

The current Metro there are seven cities in Russia: Moscow, St. Petersburg, Kazan, Yekaterinburg, Novosibirsk, Nizhny Novgorod and Samara. In Volgograd, passengers are transported Metrotram. Waiting for the launch or are in development projects for the development of underground transport in another 10 cities. Construction of lines Metropolythene - an expensive and time-consuming business. However, in our country there are craftsmen who are not afraid to set themselves such tasks. For example, Leonid Mulyarchik, pulled out Metro in Lebedyan almost alone.

You will need

- feasibility study;
- technical project;
- registered organization (subject to the Ministry of Railways);
- professional staff;
- materials for strengthening and building tunnels, finishing stations;
- special equipment.

Instructions

Building Metropolythene includes several main stages: engineering research, design of lines and stations, construction, verification and commissioning.

http://www.sevillaactualidad.com/noticias/images/stories/imagen/genericos/infografias/propuesta-metro-linea-2-estudio-us.jpg

Gather all necessary information about the transportloading of the city, population density, geological, geophysical, ecological features of the area. On the basis of these data, prepare a feasibility study and prepare the documents (the main statutory act governing construction Metropolythene, is SNiP 32-02-2003 "Subways").

Business and Entertainment Center Shibuya in Tokyo: http://citypics.ru/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/130.jpg

Calculate the number of stations (the distance between neighboring stops is usually 1-2 km), the tunnels. Determine the direction of the lines Metropolythene, the depth of their foundation: terrestrial, deep (usually have a circular cross-section) or shallow (usually rectangular). Prepare a detailed estimate of the work.

<Strong> Metro </ strong> schema in Seoul: http://ballininbusan.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/01/seoul_subway_e.jpg

After the approval of the project, create a directorate - it will report to the General Directorate Metropolitenov Ministry of Railways - and contract construction organizations. Connect specialized organizations of the city to work.

The construction of underground structures canconducted in two ways - open and closed. In the first case, it is necessary to dig a pit, and then fill it with earth. In the second, the surface is not opened. There is also a mixed method.

Construction by the open method: http://dic.academic.ru/pictures/wiki/files/75/Kharkov_metro_tunnel_construction01.jpg

Use modern equipment, itwill speed up the construction process and make the construction more reliable. There are special tunnel-tunneling, shielding complexes, auxiliary equipment. The main materials for finishing the tunnels are cast-iron tubing, reinforced concrete blocks, monolithic concrete. Work with each of them has its own specifics.

Red cast-iron tubing. Ekaterinburg <strong> metro </ strong> line: http://media.infomig.ru/cache/fb/db/fbdb0bb5190db4a10ab9ad4581faa151.jpg

At the commissioning phase, check the finished structures, make sure they are in accordance with the plan and the technical design.

It's amazing, but such a titanic work on the scale of a small city Lebedyan tried to implement almost alone Leonid Mulyarchik. Line Metropoliten, the creation of which he worked, was to connect the outskirts of the city with the railway station.

http://www.colorsmagazine.com/images/cache/images/stories/746/81_personal_metro_image5_749_500_90.jpg

In 1989, he developed a construction plan,established a cooperative and economic organization "Atlantis", which initially included more than 160 people. Then Leonid was left alone with his project, because for a symbolic fee, which he could offer, the employees refused to work.

Entrance to the <strong> metro </ strong> Lebedyan: http://www.roadplanet.ru/img/reports/311/img/07.jpg

The metropolitan lies at a depth of 2 m below ground. The main lobby is built, about 200 Metroin the main tunnel. All is made in accordance with GOST, floors can withstand a load of 60 tons. The ceilings are low, a little more than a meter.

The main lobby of the <strong> metro </ strong>: http://www.roadplanet.ru/img/reports/311/img/08.jpg

There are technical rooms, auxiliary tunnels. AT Metro electricity is provided. Many working tools and apparatus are created by Mulyarchik himself, for example, a concrete mixer and a boiler room for baking brick. All the materials for them he bought on his pension.

Concrete mixer: http://farm3.static.flickr.com/2570/3814543569_55eee32d22_o.jpg

AT Metro you can go down from the builder's garage. For excavation, he initially used an electrified overpass, then made a special mine.

Entrance to the tunnel from the garage: http://www.colorsmagazine.com/images/cache/images/stories/746/81_personal_metro_image8_749_500_90.jp

In Leonid's plans was the creation of trolleys to transport three or four passengers, fully automatic. Unfortunately, these grandiose plans did not come true - in 2011 Mulyarchik died.

http://tadahii.ru/img/trip/201103_lipvor/201103_122.jpg

The history of the pensioner-Metrostroyevtsa - an example, the opposite of time-extended or completely abandoned large-scale construction projects Metro in Russian cities.

Ekaterinburg <strong> metro </ strong> line: http://trinixy.ru/pics4/20110419/metro_36.jpg

Tip 2: Which stations of the Moscow Metro will be built in the center

The Moscow metro began to be built in the 30syears. Nevertheless, its development continues even now. Even in the territories close to the center of Moscow, there remained the need to develop a transport network.

Directly the center of the city, insideGarden Ring, already quite saturated with metro stations. Nevertheless, it is planned to continue some old lines. In 2015, the Kalininsk-Solntsevskaya line will be extended from the stop "Tretyakovskaya" to the station "Business Center". Additional platforms and transitions will be added to the existing stations. This is done in order to reduce the number of transfers for passengers: after the commissioning of this section of the station, "Volkhonka", "Dorogomilovskaya" and "Kamennaya Sloboda" will be united by a common metro line. In 2016, it is planned to launch part of the third interchange circuit. This line should pass through the areas close to the city center, but located outside the Garden Ring. In fact, the interchange loop should be an alternative to the Ring Line, which is overloaded due to the large number of passengers and is working at the limit of its capacity. The first will be the north-western part of the third interchange circuit, which will have to unite such stations as "Lower Maslivka", "Maryina Roshcha", "Rizhskaya" and "Sokolniki". In 2017 and 2018 it is planned to extend the interchange circuit for another 7 stations. The construction of new stations in the Moscow Metro is also planned, but outside the city center. Basically, the construction of the metro will affect the northern, southeastern and southwestern outskirts of Moscow, including the recently annexed territories of the Moscow region and the nearest suburbs. Kaluzhsko-Rizhskaya, Lublin-Dmitrovskaya and other lines will be extended. Thus, the Moscow metro should become an even more mass and universal type of public transport.

Tip 3: How to build the Moscow Metro

For several centuries hisexistence of the Moscow metro overgrown with various fantastic stories and very real facts, many of which received their vestments in the literary word. But how, in accordance with what principles and norms are built this truly great structure, long ago become an inalienable attribute and symbol of the capital of Russia.

Planning

Planning the direction of new branches begins withanalysis of their feasibility, that is, the densely populated micro-districts and industrial zones, which will soon be lucky enough to find their own metro station. However, this factor is not at all decisive when choosing an object for construction, because the strength and longevity of an underground complex depends to a large extent on the conditions of geodesy and ecology, which, contrary to the desire of a person, can simply not allow any construction work. The first and, the most important stage in the construction of the metro is the design process, it is he who determines at what depth the new tunnel, its extent, type of design features and supports used will be laid. We should not forget about the need to take into account a number of issues related to existing buildings, buildings bearing historical value, monuments, monuments that can be permanently damaged by vibration and noise, which is an integral element of the modern urban metro. Interestingly, ordinary roadways allow the execution of works that are unlikely to be called deep, the metro branches in such areas have a depth not exceeding 20 meters. What is difficult to say about densely populated areas, characterized by a large accumulation of houses, requiring special methods of construction in a deep, closed way, that is, not involving the opening of the upper layer of soil.

Biting into the bowels

As it was possible to guess the bookmarking of a new branchbegins with the formation of a certain mine, and it will be followed by the descent of the necessary equipment and a brigade of workers, continuously transferring hundreds of tons of land to the top, obtained as a result of laying a horizontal branch, which will soon turn into a new tunnel for the passage of the train. Relatively little time is required for the construction of the actual station, equipped with a system of escalators and underground passages if necessary. Any new branch is equipped with platforms, halls, which, depending on the depth of the site, the presence of special columns and lines of train traffic, are one-, two-, three- and even multi-span, connected by a system of special transitions.

Tip 4: Where the new Moscow metro stations will appear

Moscow Metro - the second in the worldintensity system of underground rail transport, second only to the Tokyo subway. In 2010, the Moscow government published a program for the development of public transport, in accordance with which until 2020 it is planned to build an additional 120 km of new metro lines. New metro stations will appear in 2012 as well.

Where will the new metro stations of Moscow

Deputy Mayor of Moscow Marat Khusnullin,responsible for urban policy, in mid-June 2012, told reporters that soon new metro stations will appear in the center of the capital. The prime objective of underground construction is to eliminate tension at already existing stations, maximally unloading the street-road network. Designing the station, you have to take into account the technical possibilities, since today there are few free sites suitable for building stations in Moscow. Among the planned facilities are the Volkhonka station, the second exit of the Baumanskaya station, the Suvorovskaya station. The project also has a second lobby of the station "Komsomolskaya" on the Sokolnicheskaya line. Among the nearest objects of construction - five stations. However, it is only possible to say exactly where exactly concrete stations will be located by the end of 2012, when construction of facilities and technical calculations will be economically justified. The main architect of the Moscow metro Nikolai Shumakov said that the new metro stations will be decorated in national and cosmic styles . Most stations are typical, but some will be built on individual projects. For example, the station "Bitsevsky Park", the opening of which is planned for 2013, will be decorated with a huge ground vestibule. The transfer ladders for the exit will be located in the middle of the platform. Earlier, the authorities of Moscow said that by 2020 the third metro circuit will be built in the capital, the length of which will be more than 40 km. The contour will extend around the Ring Line. About 70 new metro stations will appear in the next eight years. Their total number will reach 252, and the length of all lines will be more than 450 km.

Tip 5: Where in Moscow new metro stations will open

Moscow continues to grow both territorially andby the number of inhabitants. This development of the city requires the expansion of infrastructure, including the construction of new metro stations. Even before the start of construction, residents of the capital can get acquainted with the plans of the authorities and learn how they plan to expand the transport network.

By the beginning of 2012 the Moscow Metroconsists of 12 lines and 185 stations. This is the largest metro station not only in Russia, but also in the entire post-Soviet space. Even in economically difficult nineties construction and commissioning of new stations continued. A number of Moscow metro stations in 2012 are already in different stages of construction. By the end of the year, it is planned to open at least three stations. The first of them, Alma-Ata, will be located in the Brateevo district of the Southern Administrative District. It will become part of the Zamoskvoretskaya line and the second one that opened in the area. The Arbat-Pokrovskaya line will also be extended in 2012 due to the Pyatnitskoe Shosse station on the territory of Mitino. Exit the metro in this place will be directly next to the intersection of Pyatnitskoye highway, from which the stop and got its name, and Mitinskaya street. The third planned station - Novokosino - will open on the territory of the city of Reutov, which itself is an integral part of Moscow, more specifically its Novokosino district. Five new stations should open in 2013. These are two new stops in the Vykhino-Zhulebino area - Lermontovsky Prospect and Zhulebino, as well as the Business Center station in the Presnensky district and those that are to continue the Butovskaya line of the light metro - Bitsevsky Park and Lesoparkovaya. The same number of stations is planned to be put into operation in 2014. A third interchange circuit will be created, the future Khodynka line, at the expense of which additional stations will be organized in Khoroshevsky, Savelovsky and Butyrsky districts. This line will actually become the second roundabout, which will reduce for many Muscovites time on the road and the number of transplants.

Tip 6: How to build a house in Novosibirsk

Buying and constructing individual Houses becomes more popular in Novosibirsk. Indeed, in a metropolitan area such housing can be a good option for a family. But before you start building, you need to understand the specifics of the organization of this process in Novosibirsk.

Instructions

Acquire land for construction. The easiest way is to buy a plot on which a residential building was previously erected, and which is offered with all the necessary documents. In the districts of Novosibirsk close to the center, private buildings have been preserved, and one can build one's own new house on the site of one of the old ones, having bought it from the owners. Another option is the purchase of a holiday home. They are also within the city limits, some of them are provided with good infrastructure in the form of roads and shops, for example, located in the south, in the Matveyevka area. Modern Russian legislation allows even official registration in houses built in summer cottages.

Get land on preferential terms if you havethere is a right to it. In the Novosibirsk region there is a program according to which a number of categories of people, for example, large families, can get land for housing construction. To take the turn to get land, you can turn to the district social protection department.

Make an estimate and plan for future construction. This will help you professional exhibitions, which are organized in the exhibition complex "Siberian Fair". They are held twice a year. At such an event it is possible to get professional advice on construction, as well as to find organizations engaged in the sale of building materials and the actual construction of private Houses. At the exhibition you can see even examples of buildings made with this or that technology.

If by results of calculations you have understood, that at youdo not have enough money, contact the bank for a loan. Many financial institutions offer concessional lending programs to finance housing construction. for example, you can consider the proposals of Sberbank.

Tip 7: How to make building blocks yourself

In any store of building materials or onmarket you can purchase special blocks used for the erection of the building. However, it is not necessary to buy a building stone, it can be made independently.

You will need

- sheet metal;
- cement-particle board;
- cement;
- sand;
- expanded clay;
- Roulette;
- a pencil;
- tree;
- sandpaper;
- a hammer;
- nails;
- a bucket;
- shovel;
rule.

Instructions

Determine in advance the desired size of the futurebuilding block. The most common and most traveling size: 400x200x200 millimeters. Such a building stone is not too heavy, but the wall thickness can be 200 or 400 mm (this depends on personal preferences).

For future building blocks,construct forms. It is desirable to use a cement-chipboard plate 10 mm thick and sheet metal (2-3 mm). The shape for the stone can also be made from wood, stained from the inside.

Make a form on one or more blocks (thiswill speed up the process of making a building stone). Self-made blocks can be with cavities or full-bodied (depending on personal preferences), which affects the design of the cast form.

For "cold concrete" mortar for blocksPrepare from cement and sand (proportion 1: 4), and for "warm concrete" - from cement, expanded clay and sand in the ratio 1: 4: 1. Then fill the "raw" block block half way. Tighten the mortar (you can use the shovel handle) and only then add the missing "raw material" to the mold.

Align the top surface of the future blockbuilding rule, that is, remove this tool with an excess solution. After thirty or forty minutes, carefully remove the block from the mold, and in it form a new building stone.

For complete hardening of the mortar blocks are carefully transported to a special place, protected from sun and rain. Fully blocks will solidify in twenty-four hours.

Tip 8: How many subway trains are there in Moscow

Thematic trains of the Moscow Metroare a real decoration of the Moscow subway. Such compositions have their own name, original external and internal design. The most interesting thing is that in the cars do not have any advertising. In Moscow there are several thematic subway trains.

To date, the Moscow Metro contains eightthematic trains. Each of them runs only along its own line. They do not adhere to any timetable, they are only used when all the wagons are in good order. The oldest subway train in Moscow is the "People's Militia" squad. This name was given to him in 1988. Initially, it differed from the rest of the formulations only with the inscription on the hull. Reconstruction of the "People's Militia" was held in 2006 in honor of the 65th anniversary of the battle near Moscow. The train went along the Zamoskvoretskaya line, inside the cars were decorated with posters telling the history of the metro in the years of the Great Patriotic War and about the exploits of the militia. The next thematic train on the lines of the Moscow metro was the Kursk Bulge, which was released in 2003. It is also timed to the anniversary of the hostilities, the 60th anniversary of the battle on the same name. The train follows the Sokolniki line, each car depicts the St. George's ribbon, the name "Kursk Bulge", and also red banners and stars. The third thematic metro train of Moscow was launched in 2006 on the Sokolnicheskaya Line. Its name - "Red Arrow" - speaks for itself: the issue of nominal wagons was held in honor of the 75th anniversary of the well-known convoy of the same name, which runs between St. Petersburg and Moscow. This metro train is made in red, inside the cars the brand colors of the famous express train are also used. The "Watercolor" train was the first for the Arbat-Pokrovskaya line and the fourth for the Moscow metro. It was released on rails in 2007 with an exhibition of watercolors by popular artist Sergei Andriyaka. Inside the train is designed as an art gallery, even a special light design was created for better perception and safety of pictures. The next thematic train was the "Reading Moscow" composition, put into operation in 2008 from the station "Vorobyovy Gory". It has six cars, each of which is decorated in its literary genre. The thematic train "Watercolor" runs along the Koltsevaya Line. In honor of the 75th anniversary of the Moscow Metro, in 2010, the Sokolnicheskaya Line accepted another thematic composition "Retro Train" into its ranks. His carriages are made in a single stylistic design, typical for the first trains: lamps, sconces, spring couches made of artificial leather and decorative facing of the 30s. The seventh thematic train was named "Poetry in the Metro". It was released in 2010 on the Filevskaya metro line. The second literary composition is devoted to the work of Chilean poets. To get acquainted was really fruitful, the works are presented in two languages: Spanish and Russian. August 1, 2012 was the solemn departure from the station "Vystavochnaya" the eighth subway train in Moscow. Its creation was timed to coincide with the anniversary of the Russian Railways. The name of the composition is corresponding to "175 years for the railways of Russia". Inside the cars are decorated with posters with the history of the development of railway transport in the country. Pursues a new train along the Ring Line.

Council 9: When the first metro was built in Moscow

The Moscow metro was founded inSoviet times, and now he is the fifth in intensity of use. In front only the metro of Seoul, Beijing, Tokyo and Shanghai. In the USSR, the subway performed several functions at once: potential protection of the population in critical situations, and also served as a model of the art of the time of socialist realism.

Beginning of the construction of the underground

The first section of the Moscow Metro openedMay 15, 1935. It became the site of the Sokolnicheskaya (red) line - from the Sokolniki metro station itself and to the Park Kultury station. Also on this site were stations Krasnoselskaya, Komsomolskaya, Krasnye Vorota, Chistye Prudy, Okhotny Ryad and Lenin Library. Then the subway still did not bear the name of VI. Lenin, and was called the name of LM. Kaganovich.

"Park of Culture" is not only one of the oldest metro stations in Moscow, but also the deepest one. The depth of its laying is 10.5 meters.

The station "Park of Culture" got its namethanks to its proximity to the Gorky Culture and Recreation Park. The shorter "name" of this metro station was given in 1980, and the design names were the same - "Crimean" and "Crimean Square". Constructed a "Park of Culture" employees of the Distance 8 Mosmetrostroy. The main architects of the project were G.T. Krutikov and V.S. Popov. The name "Sokolniki" is consistent with the historical district of Moscow - Sokolnicheskaya Sloboda. The depth of this station is 9 meters. Design work was carried out by the architects I.G. Taranov and N.A. Bykov. The construction was entrusted to the employees of Distance №4 Mosmetrostroy. The decision to build the metro was taken as an adequate alternative to tram transport, which in the 30s of the last century was heavily congested. The route from the "Park of Culture" to the station "Sokolniki" repeated the main route of the busiest tram line. Construction work of the first stations started in November 1931 in a small plot on Rusakovskaya Street. They were built in an open way. The official opening of the first section of the Moscow metro was accompanied by large-scale festive events, at which a lot of Muscovites and prominent Soviet party figures gathered.

The metropolitan of the Russian capital is currently

The current system of underground and landtransportation of passengers consists of 12 lines - Sokolnicheskaya, Zamoskvoretskaya, Arbatsko-Pokrovskaya, Filevskaya, Koltsevoi, Kaluga-Riga, Tagansko-Krasnopresnenskaya, Kalininskaya, Serpukhovo-Timiryazevskaya, Lublin-Dmitrovskaya, Kakhovskaya and Butovskaya.

As part of the metro, Moscow also operatesMonorail, connecting several stations in the northern half of the capital. However, recently the issue of closing the monorail as unprofitable has been constantly discussed.

The total length of all lines exceeds 325kilometers in a two-track calculation. The Moscow Metro includes 194 stations, 44 of them - belong to the cultural heritage of UNESCO. According to the plans of the government of the capital, by 2020 the length of the lines will increase by 137 kilometers and the number of stations by 62. Very soon new stations will start operating in Moscow - Troparevo, Rumyantsevo, Salarievo, Kotelniki, Spartak "," Technopark "and others. According to statistics, every year the Moscow metro carries about 2.5 billion people.

Tip 10: What new stations are planned to open in the Moscow metro

The problem of metro overflow and inconveniencethe use of it in certain areas is of concern to the Moscow authorities for a long time. But if earlier the construction of new stations was rather slow, and no more than 3-4 were added per year, now the solution is being successfully implemented as soon as possible to fill the metro with new stations.

Plans for 2014-2016

Over the three years from 2014 to 2016,decision to build 50 new stations. 35 of them will be located on existing branches, and another 15 will be able to form another ring line, which is now so lacking in the Moscow subway. It is not planned to make new stations very different. On the contrary, it was decided to switch to typical plant designs that would reduce construction costs and accelerate it. This is what the Moscow government believes is the most important. The second measure aimed at accelerating the construction is an increase in the number of shallow stations. In a number of areas, it is difficult to build underground stations because of natural conditions. In addition to speed, the construction of such stations will significantly save. At the same time, it is planned to equip the new stations with everything necessary for passenger comfort: ticket machines, air conditioners, convenient turnstiles.

New stations in old and new Moscow

The metro will expand into the old districts andthe so-called "new Moscow". In the old districts, the stations will appear in Solntsevo, Nekrasovka, Obruchevsky, Teply Stan, Novo-Peredelkino and Tropalyovo-Nikulino. In the new metro areas it will be opened in Sosenskoye, Rumyantsevo, Salarievo, Mosrentgen and Moskovsky. New stations will also appear in the region, for example, in Kotelniki: the Tagansko-Krasnopresnenskaya branch will be extended.

Some stations are planned to be built as large transport hubs. In addition to the metro, there will be railway and bus stops.

The second ring

The second ring line will be spared from the firstrings on several stations and intersect with all the radial branches. Previously, to get on the metro from one extreme station to another extreme, even if they are located on neighboring branches, you had to go to the center and make a transfer there. Now a new ring will make it much faster and with greater convenience. It is planned in this way to significantly relieve the center and in the near future to reduce the number of people in the metro during peak hours.

Plans for the builders of the underground are very impressive: by 2020, 9 out of 10 Muscovites will live near the metro. Ground transportation from remote areas to the metro will almost not be needed.

Recently opened new stations

In the recent past stations have already been opened"Business Center" on the Kalinin-Solntsevo branch, Butyrka on the Lublin branch, Lesoparkovaya on the Butovo branch, Salarievo and Rumyantsevo on the Sokolniki branch, and also three stations on the Tagansko-Krasnopesnenskaya branch: Kotelniki, "Lermontovsky Prospekt", "Zhulebino".

Tip 11: How to get to Balashikha by metro

Although Balashikha is the largest cityMoscow suburbs in the New Moscow did not enter, and the metro is not planned to be held there. Therefore, the transport situation in the city remains difficult. Although by 2018 it is planned to make an overpass to pass through Balashikha without traffic lights. This will benefit not only the citizens, but also those who will go to football matches in Kazan within the framework of the World Cup.

And yet the subway in Balashikha to hold promise. This is a ground light subway, which will go on a special overpass. It is planned that its route will pass from the Moscow region of Novogireevo, through the city of Zheleznodorozhny, and Balashikha will be the terminal station. Preparatory work for this large-scale construction has already begun, there were also investors.

In the meantime, you can get to Balashikha by regular metro. For example, the best option is to get to Kursk railway station (m. Kurskaya) and take the train to Balashikha. It takes thirty minutes, and you immediately get to the center of the city. The disadvantage of this method of getting to Balashikha can be considered that this train operates once per hour. But in the loaded morning or evening hours this option is optimal.

From the terminal metro stations in Balashikha goshuttle buses and buses. You can take a minibus to Balashikha by metro Novogireevo or Schelkovskaya. If you need to go to the city center or to its southern districts, it's better to go from Novogireevo metro station. From the metro station Shchelkovskaya go by minibus to Balashikha it is more convenient for those who need to get to new areas: Amber, East, Alekseevskaya grove.

You can get to Balashikha by bus from Metro Partizanskaya. Time in the way it takes more, because will have to ride from the metro by bus to Moscow traffic jams.

Tip 12: In what city is the longest and deepest metro

The longest subway in the world is Shanghai, the totalthe length of its lines is more than 500 kilometers. Even the branched and complex Beijing Metro is difficult to compete with, but by 2020, probably, Beijing will receive this title. The deepest metro is in the capital of the DPRK, Pyongyang. And the deepest stations are located in Kiev and St. Petersburg.

The longest subway in the world

By the total length of all lines, the first place amongMetro subway takes the Shanghai subway length of 538 kilometers. This is a fairly young network, it appeared only in 1993, but quickly became the longest in the world. 14 lines stretch from the city center to its outskirts for tens of kilometers. Despite the ramified system and a large number of trains, the metro of Shanghai is often crowded. By 2020, plans to build several more lines, as a result, the length of the Shanghai Metro will be 780 kilometers. Second along the length of the metro in the world also belongs to China - this is Beijing. Through the entire capital of China, which occupies a huge territory - about 17 thousand square kilometers - runs 21 lines with a length of 12 to 57 kilometers. Their total length is 465 kilometers. Beijing Metro began to build in 1965 according to the experience of Moscow builders. At first it was exclusively military transport, and only in 1976 the lines were opened for general access. Most of the lines within the city are numbered, the rest, leading to the suburbs, have their names depending on the destination. They pass through the city in the form of a chessboard, forming perpendicular and parallel lines. Especially fast metro of the Chinese capital began to develop in the XXI century: to its beginning there were only slightly more than 100 kilometers of lines, but this figure was constantly growing, reaching 465 kilometers. By 2015, the length of the Beijing Metro should grow to 708 kilometers, by 2020 to reach an unprecedented magnitude - more than a thousand kilometers. Most likely, this subway in the near future will take the first place in length.

The deepest metro in the world

If we consider the average depth of the metro, the firstA place among the deepest subways belongs to Pyongyang. In the capital of North Korea, railway lines lie at an average depth of 120 meters under the ground, and in some places they reach 150 meters. The rest of Pyongyang metro has no special features: it consists of two lines, their total length is about 22 kilometers. The deepest metro station is Arsenalnaya in Kiev, it is at a depth of 105 meters. Although this title can be challenged: it is under the hill, which explains its depth - many experts call for measurements depending on the sea level, and not the surface of the earth. The second deepest station is in St. Petersburg and is called "Admiralteyskaya".

Tip 13: How many cities in Russia, where there is a metro

The world's first metro was opened in London in 1863year and consisted of 5 stations. Since then, this form of transport has spread throughout the world and undergone significant modifications. Having appeared in the USSR in the 1930s, the subway is still an important and integral part of the transport system in several Russian cities.

How many cities in Russia, in which there is a metro

Different sources indicate different data,how many metro stations are working in Russia - this is due to the fact that the old stations are closed, new ones are opened, and long-term plans are often taken for operating schemes. According to the latest calculations, in all cities of Russia there are 316 stations operating in the subways of seven cities.

Moscow

The first subway in the USSR was built in Moscowand opened in 1935. The first line connected the stations Sokolniki and Park Kultury with a branch to Smolenskaya. At the moment the metro in Moscow consists of 12 lines, on which there are 194 stations. The total length of the lines is 325 km.

St. Petersburg

Despite the fact that St. Petersburg (for thatLeningrad time), the metro was officially opened in November 1955, the first projects of its construction were presented much earlier than Moscow - back in the 19th century. But for a long time there were reasons that did not allow it to be built-first, insufficient technical equipment, then war. At the moment in St. Petersburg there are 5 metro lines, which include 67 stations and a total length of 113.6 km.

Nizhny Novgorod

The next in chronology of the opening becamesubway of Nizhny Novgorod, launched in 1985. By the number of stations and the total length of lines, the Nizhny Novgorod metro is much inferior to Moscow and St. Petersburg - only 14 stations and 19 km. A feature of this subway is its small depth. Only two stations - "Moscow" and "Gorkovskaya" - are equipped with escalators. The metropolitan has only two lines, but there are prospects for expanding the metro to the World Cup 2018.

Novosibirsk

The fourth in Russia was the Novosibirsk subway. It was opened in 1986 and is still the only metro beyond the Urals. In its arsenal of 13 stations - two lines with a length of 16 km.

Samara

December 26, 1987 the opening ceremony was heldsubway in Samara. At the moment, only one line is built, consisting of 9 stations and a length of 11 km. The whole line can be reached in just 20 minutes. However, in the prospects - the construction of two more branches at 12 and 9 stations respectively and the expansion of the first.

In Chelyabinsk, the construction of the metro has been going on for many years, but so far no single station has been built. This gave rise to a lot of jokes about what, "apparently, is too deep buried."

By the way, it was in the Samara metro that some scenes from the film "Metro" were shot.

Ekaterinburg

Metro in Yekaterinburg (at that time inSverdlovsk) was the last of the open in the USSR, it happened in April 1991. At that time, the subway consisted of only three stations. Now in Yekaterinburg, 9 stations located on the same line with a total length of 13.8 km. It is not known for certain whether this is true or not, but it is believed that the underground of Yekaterinburg after its discovery was included in the Guinness Book of Records as the shortest operating underground in the world.

The longest and most extensive metro station in New York, it has 468 stations and 337 km.

Kazan

The youngest in Russia metro - Kazan, itwas opened in 2005 in honor of the millennium of Kazan. Initially, it consisted of 5 stations on a 7 km long line. Now there are 10 stations on 16 km of the way, by 2018 it is planned to open a new branch from 18 new stations.