Tip 1: How did the clock come about?
Tip 1: How did the clock come about?
The history of the clock counts several millennia,and few people have an idea of how prototypes of modern models looked. In ancient times, people determined the time by the movement of the Sun, therefore, of course, there could not be any precision about the speech. In those days, it was possible to differentiate the time of day: the sun at the zenith - noon, sunset - evening. Not surprisingly, the first in the world hours of sunshine.
Instructions
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The world's first model of a sundial appearedpresumably in 3500 BC. Time was determined by the shadow falling on the dial from a special stick - gnomon. Such watches showed solar time, and not local, but people in any case had no idea about the division of the Earth into time zones (the standardization of time was realized only in the XIX century).
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In 1400 BC. The Egyptians invented a water clock - klepsydra. They were two communicating water tanks. Water flowed through a narrow opening from one vessel to another. Such watches remained in use until the XVII century.
3
The circumstances, time and place of invention of the firstmechanical watches to this day remain the subject of a heated debate among scientists from different countries. The first literary mention of such watches can be found in Dante's Divine Comedy. In Europe, mechanical watches became widespread in the 13th-14th centuries. And their production was established in Italy at the beginning of the XIV century. It is noteworthy that the earliest models lacked a dial. They were informed of the time by the sound of the impact mechanism.
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The world's first clock with minute and secondThe arrows were invented in 1585 by the Swiss and German mathematician and instrument-maker Jost Bürgi. He designed them specifically for the Landgrave William IV.
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The first pendulum clock was born in the intervalbetween 1656 and 1660-my. Their development is associated with the name of Galileo Galileo. The pendulum clock was popularized by the efforts of Huygens, who wrote the famous treatise "The Clock".
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The revolution in watchmaking has become an inventionquartz watches, exceeding in accuracy their mechanical precursors. They were created by Warren Marrizon in 1927, but the economic revolution (known as the "quartz crisis"), associated with a mass transition from mechanical watches to quartz, occurred in the 70-80s. Today, Swiss mechanical watches of famous old brands are betting on prestige and solidity. Such watches are an accessory, indicating the status and taste of their owner.
Tip 2: When the wrist watch appeared
Wrist watch - beautiful and functionalan accessory that many people wear, almost without removing. The history of their occurrence is quite interesting, it took them almost a hundred years to spread them around the world.
Instructions
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Some researchers believe that the first clocksuch plans were made on the special order of Napoleon as a gift to his sister Carolina Murat, who was the queen of Naples. These watches were made of silver and equipped with a beautiful dial with Arabic numerals. The clock itself was flat and round, and their bracelet was made of the finest threads of gold and human hair. It is known that this unusual object was created almost two years before December 1812.
2
It should be noted that at the beginning of the XIX century the clockrushed solely on a chain that was fastened to a special pocket of a waistcoat. Thus, the watch was an integral part of the costume, representing a practical and elegant accessory. Women did not use watches at all to decorate their wardrobe, which is not surprising, because the fashion of that time did not assume the use of any functional details in the women's wardrobe - the costumes of aristocrats themselves were works of art.
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By the end of the XIX century, women turned their attentionon wristwatches. They began to order from eminent jewelers and watchmakers. At that time, wrist watches rather resembled precious bracelets of gold, silver and precious stones. Usually they were made quite massive and wide. The more interesting, massive and pretentious were the wristwatches, the higher was the status of their possessor. Of course, with this approach, mass production of wrist watches was out of the question. Because such functional ornaments were associated at that time exclusively with women, no decent man could appear in society with a watch on his wrist.
4
The first men who changed hours on the chain towrist, steel military. It happened in the very end of the XIX century. The officers were very uncomfortable getting their watches out of their pockets to find out the exact time, so they began to fasten the clock with a rope and rings on their wrists. Mass production of wrist watches began when the German army ordered a large batch (2000 pieces) from one of the numerous Swiss companies. For a long time, wristwatches were used mainly by men of dangerous professions - military men, sailors and pilots.
5
It should be noted that, despite the obvious convenience,Wristwatches gained popularity among men of peaceful professions and replaced pocket ones only by the first third of the XX century. And the final popularization of wristwatches was facilitated by the invention of the quartz movement. This made it possible to significantly reduce the cost of manufacturing watches, but at the same time make them extremely accurate. Since then, the wristwatch has ceased to be considered a luxury item.
Tip 3: The most famous watch
Without knowing the exact time, one can not imagine our life. We are constantly in a hurry, we are late, and we glance without end at the hands of the clock. Many are accustomed to appreciate their time and count every second.
In the 14th century, the first spring clocks appeared, andthe first mechanical tower clock in the 18th century. In this watch was just one arrow. The oldest, but working clock is at the cathedral in the English city of Salisbury. They were allowed to work in 1386 and only once they stopped for preventive works. In Russia the very first mechanical watches were installed in 1404 on the Kremlin's Spasskaya Tower. The first wristwatch with a bracelet was made in 1809 by a Parisian jeweler and gave them to Josephine , the wife of Napoleon Bonaparta.The most accurate wristwatch is produced by the German firm "Young Hans". Their error is 1 second for 1 million years.
