Tip 1: Why circus arena is round

Miscellaneous

Tip 1: Why circus arena is round

The word "circus" comes from the Latin circus -"circular". Thus, the very name of this type of spectacular art indicates the shape of the circle. This form has a circus building, and a hall where the show passes, and the arena, which is its center.

The form of the circle is directly related to the birth and history of circus art.

History of the circus

The very first circuses appeared in ancient Rome. However, these were not circuses in the modern sense, there were no gymnasts and acrobats. In ancient Roman circuses, chariot races and horse races were arranged. In the modern world, the Greek word "hippodrome" is used to denote the place of such competitions. The birth of a modern circus took place at the end of the 18th century in London, and it was also associated with equestrian sport. The creator of the new circus - the Englishman Philip Astley - was a rider, so the basis of the spectacles that he offered visitors to his establishment was the demonstration of equestrian tricks, although such numbers were already supplemented by acrobatic sketches. Later, Astley and his followers expanded the program of the circus show: it included performances by rope walkers, jugglers, clowns, and yet for about a hundred years the main theme of circus performances remained equestrian numbers. The structure of the circus arena was formed precisely in terms of performances of riders.

Equestrian stunts in the circus

Horses must run smoothly and smoothly. This can not be achieved if there are angles, so the arena should not have them; it should be round. The convenience of performing riders was dictated not only by the form of the circus arena, but also by its size. The diameter of the arena was established in 1807 in the circus of Franconi, which was in Paris, and has not changed since. It remains the same even now. The diameter of the arena in all the circuses in the world, in whatever country they are, is 13 meters (in the English system of measures - 42 feet). This diameter is determined by the laws of physics, on the basis of which horse tricks are built. The centrifugal force acting on it depends on the diameter of the circle along which the horse runs. In turn, the centrifugal force determines the angle at which the horse's body will be tilted relative to the arena during the run. It is at a diameter of 13 m that the angle turns out to be optimal for a rider who needs to maintain balance while standing on a horse's rump. For illusionists, gymnasts, acrobats, clowns and other circus artists, the shape of the arena and its size are of no fundamental importance. However, for them, too, is the invariability of the shape and size of the arena in all the circuses of the world. Thanks to this number, placed in the conditions of a circus, do not have to specially adapt during the tour.

Tip 2: How to remove the game arena

Sometimes in Internet Explorer, as the homepage, the game opens Arena. The following are the steps you need to take to remove The game arena. As a result, the game Arena will no longer appear on your computer

You will need

Computer on which there is a problem with the appearance of the game Arena. Special software.

Instructions

Open Internet Explorer, go to "Menu" - "Tools" - "Internet Options."

Select the tab with the address bar and replace the home page of the game Arena on any other or leave the tab empty.

If this method does not work, open "Start" - "All Programs" - "Run". Enter "regedit" and press Enter.

Open HKEY_CURRENT_USERSoftwareMicrosoftInternet Explorer, then export this partition to a different folder and delete it.

Check if the game has disappeared Arena when you open Internet Explorer. If the problem persists, then special programs should be used.

First you need to download and install the programto find and remove spyware and games. These programs include: BPS Spyware & Adware Remover, Spyware Blaster, AD-aware, Spyware Doctor, Microsoft AntiSpyware, Spybot, SpyRemover and others.

After installation, run the spyware search program and delete the detected files.

Tip 3: Which circus is the largest in the world

Circus art is very popular in the world. Today, both children and adults are admirers of spectacular performances. After all, the modern circus is not only clowns and numbers with animals, but also unique thematic productions, chic costumes and elaborate decorations.

Which circus is the biggest in the world

The largest circus in size

The largest circus building in the world is theThe Great State Circus in Moscow. This building, erected in 1971, is unique. After the opening, admiring journalists proclaimed the circus "the world's best attraction." There is really much to admire in the Moscow circus. Almost 3,500 people can enjoy the show at the same time. The height of the amphitheater is about 36 m. The building of the State Circus is equipped with six arenas. Ice, light, equestrian, interactive and water arenas are able to quickly replace each other. A good "bonus" is a separate rehearsal arena.

The Moscow Circus was the first in Russia to become independent. Today, its basis is almost 300 artists of different genres. Every year a new program is put in the circus.

In the arena of the Moscow State Circusperform both domestic and foreign artists. Programs, mainly, consist of classical numbers: with animals, acrobats, clowns, etc. For the New Year's holidays, the circus building turns into a fairy-tale: there are festive events for children.

The biggest circuses in the world: other categories

The biggest circus can be not onlythe building, but also by the number of artists. In this category, the Canadian Cirque du Soleil, created in the Canadian province of Quebec, decisively defeats. He became famous in 1984. Then the head of the troupe of street circus invited the government to organize a tour in the cultural program "Discover Canada". Since the event was supposed to be performed in the summer months, the artists were christened "The Circus of the Sun". For today, the circus "Du Soleil" is the largest event in this industry. In total, it employs about 5000 people. Thousand of them are artists, the rest are directors, choreographers, costumers, technicians, etc. Almost 100 well-trained circus performers take part in every performance.

In Cirque du Soleil do not work with animals. Representations are attended only by people who are distinguished by their flexibility, dexterity, artistry. Today the circus has become international, bringing together artists from 40 countries on one stage.

In the repertoire of the circus "Du Soleil" 14 programs, inwhich only people participate. For each specially created scenery, musical accompaniment, special effects. Costumes deserve special attention: annually at least 20 kilometers of various fabrics are used for their sewing. It should be noted that the international troupe does not perform in the classical arena, preferring to shock and surprise spectators from the usual scene. The largest in the world in the number of concurrently operating arenas is the circus of the American brothers Ringling. On four platforms and three arenas at a time different numbers are shown. However, this is not the whole "feature" of the circus. To come to the performance should be in advance: the artists make up, and the animals rehearse stunts right before the eyes of the gathering spectators.

Tip 4: How to become a circus artist

Circus artist - a very interesting profession, but withthis is quite complicated. Every member of this profession has the highest skills in this or that sphere. To become an artist of the circus you need not only a desire, but also appropriate preparation.

Be prepared for difficulties

The circus artist is an unusual profession. Surely among your closest associates will be people who your choice will surprise, some, perhaps, will even discourage you. In addition, circus art is a very dangerous occupation, it involves traumas that inevitably persecute some representatives of this area of activity. You must be ready for all this, devote yourself to this profession completely and love your work.

Choose direction

There are many different directionscircus activities. To become an artist of the circus, you need to have the skills and talent in at least one of them. It can be, for example, acrobatics, clownery, dressing, etc. Any of these areas has its own difficulties, they can not be mastered in a few days. You will need patience and quite a lot of time to acquire the necessary skills. If you have experience of some kind of sport, for example, gymnastics or you have ever practiced sports dancing, this will help you very much in the future. To get the necessary training, you can also go through special training in the school of circus art. Before choosing the direction in which you plan to work, you need to answer your own question about your fears. For example, if you are afraid of heights, acrobatics do not suit you, if you are afraid of animals, training is also not your direction. Determine which direction in circus art you like, and whether its fears will not prevent its development.

Physical training

Each circus artist, regardless ofThe direction in which he works must have good physical training. For example, acrobats to perform their tricks should have good flexibility of the body, and for gymnasts the physical power of the upper body comes to the fore, so they must constantly engage in gyms. Even clownery, which, it would seem, does not require exhausting physical training, can not be effective without adequate preparation.

Another work in the circus

Becoming an entertainer in the circus and coming out on stage for the first time,you can feel that working for the audience is not at all what you need. Such a reaction is quite expected, perhaps you love the circus, but are not ready to be a direct participant in it. In this case, you can think about working in other professions connected with the circus, for example, a costumier, a director of circus numbers, etc.

Tip 5: Pavlik Morozov and his followers

Pavlik Morozov is a pioneer whose name was glorifiedthe Soviet mass media. His feat was that he issued to the authorities his own father, after learning how he actively decided to resist the Soviet power. His name became a kind of collective image of a teenager, ready to do anything for the sake of a bright communist future. In the 30 years of the XX century, more than 30 children are known who repeated the feat of Pavlik Morozov and became symbols of the young Soviet state.

Pavel Timofeevich Morozov was born in 1918 in thevillage Gerasimovka of the Sverdlovsk region. He organized in his native village the first pioneer detachment and actively agitated for the creation of the collective farm. The kulaks, including Timofei Morozov, actively opposed the Soviet authorities and plotted to thwart grain procurements. Pavlik accidentally learned about the prepared sabotage. The young pioneer did not stop at anything and exposed his fists. The villagers, who learned that his son had surrendered his father to the authorities, brutally dealt with Pavlik and his younger brother. They were brutally killed in the forest.

About the feat of Pavlik Morozov, many books have been written,about him composed songs and poems. The first song about Pavlik Morozov was written by Sergei Mikhalkov, then unknown to anyone, a young writer. This work made him overnight a very popular and sought-after author. In 1948, a street in Moscow was named after Pavlik Morozov and a monument was erected.

Pavlik Morozov was not the first

It is known, at least eight cases, when children were killed for denunciations. These events occurred before the killing of Pavlik Morozov.

In the Ukrainian village of Sorochintsy Pavel Teslya also reported on his father, for which he paid a price five years earlier to Morozov.

Another seven such cases occurred in different villages. Two years before the death of Pavlik Morozov in Azerbaijan, the informer Grisha Hakobyan was killed.

Even before the death of Pavlik, the newspaper Pionerskaya Pravda reported cases when young villagers were brutally murdered by fellow villagers. Here the texts of denunciations of children were published, with all the details.

Followers of Pavlik Morozov

Violent reprisals against young informers continued. In 1932, three children were killed for denunciations, in 1934 - six, and in 1935 - nine.

The story of Prony Kolybin, whichreported to his mother, accusing her of stealing socialist property. A beggar woman gathered the fallen spikes on the collective farm field to feed the family, including Pronya herself. The woman was put in prison, and the boy was sent to rest in Artek.

Mitya Gordienko also noticed on the collective farm fieldA couple who collected fallen spikes. As a result, on the denunciation of a young pioneer, a man was shot, and a woman was sentenced to ten years in prison. Mitya Gordienko received a gift watch, a subscription to the newspaper "Leninskie voshchata", new boots and a pioneer suit.

The Chukchi boy, whose name was Yatyrgin,that reindeer herds gathered to take their deer herds to Alaska. He informed the Bolsheviks about this, for which the enraged reindeer herders struck Yatyrgin with an ax against the head and threw them into the pit. Thinking that the boy was already dead. However, he managed to survive and get to "their". When Yatyrgina was solemnly received into the pioneers, it was decided to give him a new name - Pavlik Morozov, with whom he lived to his old age.

Tip 6: How to apply blush on a round face

With the help of blush and other cosmetics, you can visually fix the shape of the face or emphasize it. Often women simply ignore rouge when adjusting the round shape so thatdraw attention to the cheeks. But there are cases when a girl becomes like a nesting doll because of the misuse of cosmetics. It is difficult not to cross that line that separates the good taste from vulgarity.

You will need

- tonal means;
- blush;
- Brushes for blush.

Instructions

Healthy gentle glow - amazing decorationa woman's face. With the help of decorative cosmetics such as foundation, correctors and blush, you can also correct some of the shortcomings of appearance. Round face visually find a classic form, if you properly apply makeup and make the right haircut.

Choose the color of blush that fits your skin. They should be two shades darker than the skin tone. Acquire a few brushes for blush to achieve the most natural effect. Natural pastel pink or gentle apricot tones suitable for almost all the fair sex. Such colors refresh and rejuvenate the face.

For correction and modeling of the face shapechoose warm colors. Choose a shade under the overall range of your cosmetics. Start your makeup with the necessary moisturizing and toning application. Apply a dark shade of cream all over the face. Begin from the temporal part, end with the lower part of the cheeks.

Darken the excessive roundness of the face. Vertical lines are suitable for the round face, they visually extend the oval. Therefore, blush, put a little obliquely from the cheekbones to the chin by a triangle or figure-eight.

The purpose of modeling a round face is to pull it out,reduce the amount of cheeks. If you use a dark beige rouge, darken the side surfaces of your face, and then apply a gentle pink remedy on the cheekbones.

Smooth lines, which are typical for this type of face, dilute with strokes of blush. The shape of the triangle from the blush is drawn to the corners of the mouth, thereby visually changing the round face.

Complement the makeup of the hairdo that opens the forehead and covers the cheeks. Pay attention to a short, whisked bangs or nails should be forehead. Place the hair strands on the cheeks.

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