Tip 1: How to Prevent a Fire
Tip 1: How to Prevent a Fire
To prevent material damage and human casualties, it is vitally important to foresee and implement preventive measures to prevent such an extremely dangerous situation as a fire.
Instructions
1
Check the electrical wiring in yourapartment. To repair worn out wiring, call an electrician. Use caution when using gas appliances and household chemicals. Before using drugs in the form of aerosols, please read the attached instructions.
2
Free the balcony from unnecessary trash toAvoid the possibility of a fire due to a cigarette butt fallen from the upper floors. To exclude this cause of fire, also close the windows and windows, leaving the apartment. Do not overload the mains by connecting a large number of electrical appliances to a single outlet. Do not leave unattended heating appliances unattended.
3
Keep in good working order sockets,forks and switches. Do not heat varnishes, mastics or aerosol cans on open fire. Do not dry laundry above the oven or the included cooker. Observe the safety rules for smoking. Never smoke in bed.
4
Do not store in a residential area unnecessarysynthetic materials and flammable liquids, or pack them in metal containers and keep them locked away from children. Prevent any games of children with matches. Leaving them alone in the apartment, hide the matches in an inaccessible place.
5
Do not install a cottageproduction and metal furnaces that do not meet the requirements of fire safety. Do not store easily combustible materials near the oven. Do not use inflammable and flammable liquids during heating. Drown the stove only with the type of fuel that is intended for it. Do not dispose of hot ash near the wooden buildings. Do not use gas and ventilation ducts as chimneys.
Tip 2: How to extinguish a fire
Wherever and for whatever reason a fire arises, italways develops according to a certain scheme, conditioned by physical laws. The fire-fighting measures will depend on the phase of the development of the fire and the means at your disposal.
Instructions
1
In the first phase, the fire occupies the entire area,which can only spread with the help of combustible materials. At this point, the temperature of the flame is low, as well as the speed of fire propagation. At the end of the phase, the flame height increases to the maximum level and at this point the flame can spread to nearby buildings or objects. Individual foci merge into a single pillar.
2
The second phase is a steady even flame, which gradually absorbs the bulk of the combustible substances. It is during this period that the bearing structures of the building are destroyed.
3
At the final stage, all the materials that can only burn burn out and the building collapses. The burning rate is, in this case, quite low and the thermal radiation, respectively, too.
4
So, if the fire took up a vast territory, thenIn this case, a method of isolation or cooling is used. For example, if fuel containers are lit, isolate each container. If the forest burns, then extinguish it by gradually localizing the fires.
5
If you are inside a building in whichthere was a fire, then bear in mind that in the first phase, the fire spreads quickly and quickly, the materials emit smoke and carbon monoxide, invisible and very dangerous. At this point it is necessary to have time to leave the building before the collapse of the structures.
6
Household fires are easier to prevent than to extinguish. If the household appliance has caught fire, it is necessary to turn off the power supply, throw a dense cloth on the appliance and only then extinguish with water or a fire extinguisher. If the flames spread to the curtains, they must be thrown, thrown to the floor, trampled and thrown into a tub of water. When extinguishing the fire, it is necessary to move towards it, and not to catch up, in order to prevent the spread.
7
If you see that from under the door breaks throughdense acrid smoke, it means where there is not enough oxygen in the fire, and it will soon go out by itself, you just need to plug all the cracks firmly, preferably with a wet rag. Do not open the windows at all in order to ventilate the room. A new portion of oxygen will lead to an instant flare-up of fire, and it will spread even more.
8
The fire in the building is extinguished with the help of fire extinguishers,hydrants, which should be in every public building, as well as any non-combustible bulk materials: sand, earth and others. If the focus can be localized, then it is left until the materials are completely burnt out.
9
To extinguish the fire in the forest, severaltactician. This can be a complete fire environment with a gradual narrowing of the hearth; the creation of a counter-fire line (the so-called annealing); the creation of trenches, canals, embankments in the way of fire. The latter option is used to extinguish complex peat fires. To do this, along the entire perimeter of the fire, digging ditches are digging into the depth of the peat layer.
10
Fires in the open space extinguish abundantwatering not the fire itself, but the territory adjacent to the fire zone. The flame itself is knocked down by brooms. No less effective is the method of extinguishing by creating barrier bars. At the edges of 20 m the width of the strip is dug with bulldozers, and in the center all are burned out.
Tip 3: What caused the fire in Khamovniki
September 7, 2012 Khamovniki - districtCentral administrative district of Moscow - covered with black smoke. At 9:30 in one of the buildings a violent fire began, which the firefighters arrived completely eliminated within an hour. The incident for a long time kept the eyewitness in suspense: on the affected street there are large office centers; many architectural structures in this area are of historical value.
