Tip 1: What is the difference between lumpen and marginal
Tip 1: What is the difference between lumpen and marginal
Lumpens and marginals are similar concepts, howeverto equate them to each other is by no means impossible. There is only one thing that unites these two terms: they are both used to refer to people belonging to the inferior stratum of society that do not find a worthy place in the society.
Who are lumpen and marginal people?
The word "marginal" came into Russian fromGerman, there - from French, and in French, in turn, from Latin. From the Latin language, this word can be translated as "being on the edge." Marginals - rogue, who were outside their social group or at the junction of two different groups. If it is a question of one person, most likely, it has appeared is expelled from one group and is not accepted in another. A striking example is people forced to flee their country and turned out to be apostates in the eyes of its citizens, but at the same time they failed to accept the traditions of another state where they moved. Such a socially marginal state is perceived very hard. If we are talking about a group of people, most likely, the essence of the serious social, political, economic changes in society, which led to the collapse of the usual society. Something like this often occurs as a result of revolutions. The word "lumpen" is borrowed again from German, and in translation it means "rags". Lumpens are people who find themselves in the lowest social strata and who are not engaged in any socially useful work. This means that it is impossible to call so poor a man who tries to earn money, but achieves very modest results. Not at all - we are talking about criminals, tramps, beggars, those who are engaged in piracy, robbery. Very often, lumpen is also considered to be unemployed alcoholics and drug addicts, people who are kept by someone, although they can work and earn money. Also called representatives of the lower social stratum, living at the expense of state benefits.What is the difference between lumpen and marginal
As a rule, lumpens have almost noproperty: they either wander around, or live in other people's houses, and have only the most necessary things for life. Marginals, on the other hand, may even be wealthy people who are not recognized by society at the same time, because they for some reason have lost their former position. Lumpens either use short, one-time earnings, or earn money illegally, or live at the expense of relatives or the state. Marginals can engage in socially useful work. The additional meaning of the term "lumpen" is a person who does not have moral principles of his own, does not obey the laws of morality and is recklessly or cowardly submits to the group of persons who have the greatest power at a particular historical moment. Marginals in such cases become victims rather than mindlessly acting force.Tip 2: Than the lumpen are different from the marginals
In each society side by side with socially adapted citizens there are people who have lost their social roots, which are alien to the moral code, they understand only the language of brute physical force.
Lumpen
People are usually referred to as lumpen, whosocial roots are absent, who also do not have any property, and they live at the expense of one-time earnings. But more often their source of existence are various types of social and state benefits. In general, this category should be attributed homeless people, as well as citizens like them. If to explain more simply, the lumpen is a person who does not lead a labor activity, he begs, wanders, in other words - homeless. Translated from German, the word "lumpen" means "rags". This is a kind of ragamuffin who fell to the "bottom" of life, fell out of their midst. The more lumpens become in society, the greater the threat to society they represent. Their environment is a kind of stronghold of various extremist-minded individuals and organizations. The Marxist theory used even such an expression as the Lumpenproletariat, characterizing this word of vagabonds, criminals, beggars, and also the dregs of human society as a whole. Under Soviet rule this was a dirty word.Marginals
Marginals and lumpens are not one and the same thing, althoughbetween these groups of people have much in common. The very concept of "marginality" in sociology means a person who is between two different social groups, when from one of them the citizen has already split off, and to the second one has not yet beaten. These are the so-called bright representatives of the lower classes, or the social "bottom". This social status greatly affects the psyche, mutilating it. Often marginalized are people who passed the war, immigrants who could not adapt to the conditions of life in their new homeland, who could not fit into the social conditions of the modern environment for them. During the collectivization that took place in the USSR, in the 20-30s, rural residents migrated massively city, but the urban environment accepted them reluctantly, and with the rural environment all the roots and connections were severed. Their spiritual values collapsed, and established social ties were torn. And it was precisely these layers of the population that needed a "firm hand", an established order at the state level, and this fact served as a social base for the anti-democratic regime. Apparently, lumpens and marginals are not identical concepts, although they have much in common. In modern reality, the word "lumpen" is practically not used, calling homeless people marginalized. Although this word can be characterized and people who have housing, but leading an antisocial lifestyle.Tip 3: Who are the marginals?
In modern culture, one can meet not onlyindividual individuals, but even whole groups of people who do not fit into the established social structure of society. They are not always representatives of the social "bottom", they can have a high level of education and proper status. The difference of such marginal personalities from other people is in a special world of values. Who are the marginals?
Marginality as a social phenomenon
Wikipedia calls marginal of whoappears on the border of opposing social groups or cultures. Such people experience the mutual influence of different value systems, which often contradict each other. In Soviet times the word "marginal" was synonymous with the notion of a "declassed element". So often called people who have slipped into the very bottom of the social hierarchy. But this understanding of marginality should be considered one-sided and not completely correct. The notion of "marginality" is also found in sociology. Here it denotes the intermediate nature of the social position in which a person appears. The first mention of marginal personalities and groups appeared in American sociology, which described the peculiarities of the adaptation of immigrants to the social conditions that are unusual for them and the rules peculiar to life in a foreign land.Marginals deny the values of the group from which they came out and approve new norms and rules of behavior.
Beyond the usual life
Marginality in society is reinforced whensocial cataclysms begin. If the society regularly fever, its structure loses its strength. Entirely new social groups and segments of the population are emerging, having their own way of life. Not every person in such conditions is able to adapt and stick to a certain shore.The transition to a new social group is often associated with the need to rebuild behavior and adopt a new value system, which almost always becomes a source of stress.Coming out of its habitual social environment,a person often encounters a situation when a new group does not accept it. So there are marginals. Here is one example of such a social transition. A typical engineer, who left a job for hire and decided to do business, fails. He understands that the businessman has not turned out of it, and a return to the old way of life is no longer possible. To this may be added financial and other material losses, as a result of which a person is out of the way of life. But not always marginality is associated with the loss of a sufficiently high previous social status. Quite often marginal people include quite successful people whose views, habits and value system do not fit into the established notion of "normality." Marginals may well be well-off people who have achieved success in their field of activity. It's only their views on life that are so unusual for the average inhabitant that they simply do not take such people seriously or are forced out of the social community.
Tip 4: How the marginals appeared
The notion of marginalization is a sociological term,which arose in science in the 1920s. But the marginals themselves - people who constitute a special social group - existed long before the scientists introduced the term. These are people who for some reason did not fit into the socio-cultural system of society. Large groups of marginals began to form in the early twentieth century. But, probably, the first marginal appeared in the primitive epoch.
The term "marginality" was introduced by the USsociologists in order to characterize the observed social phenomenon: the creation of closed communities by immigrants because of the inability to immediately fit into the American way of life. For the new term, the Latin word marginalis was chosen, which in translation means "being on the edge." In this way, immigrant communities were characterized as groups stripped from their native cultural layer and not re-established on new soil. For the marginal group is characterized by its own special culture, often conflicting with the prevailing cultural attitudes in society. A typical example is the Italian mafia in America. Don Corleone and his family are marginal elements for American society. So, in the strict sense of the social term, the first marginals appeared in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries in a boiling cauldron of American immigration. They were people of two cultures, simultaneously belonging to two worlds. Of course, similar phenomena were observed not only in the USA: for example, Brazil at the same time invited Italian immigrants to the plantations, who did not immediately fit into the existing society on an equal footing with the descendants of the Portuguese, and were often perceived as "white negroes". appear and as a result of major social upheavals. For example, the revolution in Russia has led to the emergence of a large number of marginalized people - people pulled out of the framework of their class and struggling to find a place in the new society. For example, homeless children of the 1920s are a typical marginal group. Gradually, the notion of marginality in science expanded. The notion of "individual marginality" has appeared. It is broader than marginality as a social phenomenon. I.V. Malyshev in the book "marginal art" characterizes marginality as "extra-systemic". Marginals can be people who preserve the past; ahead of their age; simply "lost" and not finding their place in the society and its culture. In this sense, marginalized can be called, according to Viktor Shenderovich, and Sakharov, and Thomas Mann, and even Christ. So, the first marginal, most likely, appeared on the the dawn of humanity. Perhaps the first homosapiens were precisely marginalized, because society is wary of marginal people, the life of "extrasystem" people throughout the history of mankind has been complex and, alas, usually short. Some of them became social lumpen, rejected by pariahs, but many managed to move the culture forward, to outline new guidelines for the development of society. Outstanding artists, for example, were often marginalized. They boldly rejected the traditional values, creating their own. For example, Diogenes was a marginal. Decentents were marginalized. Marginal were the Soviet style. In the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries, marginals became much more than in any other historical era. Various informal movements are, as a rule, marginals. Tolerance of modern society allows representatives of the marginal strata to live in their own coordinate system more freely than before.
