Tip 1: What is an earthquake?
Tip 1: What is an earthquake?
Earthquakes are the vibrations of the earth's surface,caused by an earthquake natural (tectonic processes) or artificial origin. Small earthquakes can occur during the eruption of volcanoes.
Instructions
1
An earthquake is quite common inour planet. Despite the fact that about one million such activities occur on Earth each year, most of them remain unnoticed. About once every two weeks there are earthquakes that can turn into serious enough damage. Fortunately, the epicenters of most of them are at the bottom of the oceans. In this case, only tsunamis caused by earthquakes can cause any damage.
2
There is a special system that fixesEarthquakes that are not the surface of the entire planet, including the most insignificant of them. Usually the cause of earthquakes is the displacement of the earth's crust. The bulk of the foci is located near the surface of the Earth.
3
The epicenter of the earthquake is usually called the regionon the surface of the planet, located above the hearth. During an earthquake, seismic waves diverge from the hearth. The speed of their propagation can reach eight meters per second.
4
Usually earthquakes are classified byintensity. There are special scales on which this indicator is determined. All of them represent a modification of the original Medvedev-Shponhaer-Karnik scale. As a rule, a twelve-point system for determining the intensity is used. One ball receives an earthquake marked only by a seismograph, i.e. not reserved for people. 12 points - this is a major change in the terrain and the widespread destruction of buildings.
5
Seismograph is a device that fixes typesseismic waves and recording their intensity. These devices are of a mechanical and electronic type. To earthquakes of an artificial nature are phenomena caused by human intervention. This could be a large underground explosion, which later led to a slab shift.
Tip 2: Is an earthquake in Novosibirsk possible?
An earthquake is a dangerous natural phenomenon,which can lead to numerous destruction and human sacrifices. In Novosibirsk, such a natural cataclysm is considered unlikely, but recent events have proved that this is not entirely true.
Novosibirsk is a large city in the Siberian region, located on the outskirts of a large mountain system - the Salair Ridge.
Seismic zone of Novosibirsk
Specialists in the field of studying such a complexnatural phenomenon, like an earthquake, it is considered that Novosibirsk is one of the safest zones in terms of seismic activity, even in comparison with other regions of Siberia. So, the Republic of Tyva, the Kemerovo Region and the Republic of Altai, which are located relatively near the city, are much more dangerous in this respect, because they are located in close proximity to the vast mountain massifs. The maximum intensity of the earthquake, which theorists are theoretically ready to admit against the territory of the city of Novosibirsk, is about 6 points on the Richter scale, adopted to measure the strength of these natural phenomena. Moreover, even the Berdsk satellite town, located several dozen kilometers from Novosibirsk, is considered by researchers to be a more dangerous zone where earthquakes of up to 7 points are potentially possible. The scientifically established maximum seismicity characteristic of the territory of Novosibirsk is taken as the basis for the main parameters of the entire standard urban development . This means that in the event of an earthquake of 6 points or less, urban structures must withstand the impact of the verse and not collapse.Earthquakes in Novosibirsk
Despite the fact that it is customary among specialiststo consider the territory of Novosibirsk as a seismically inactive zone, the events that occurred in the city in recent years disprove this claim. In particular, since 2000, several underground tremors have been recorded on the city's territory. However, it should be clarified that all of them were echoes of stronger earthquakes that occurred in neighboring regions. So, the most intensive natural phenomenon of this kind was recorded in 2003: it was the result of tremors in the Altai Republic, whose strength reached 8 points on the Richter scale. In Novosibirsk, the echoes of these tremors reached intensity of 4 points. In 2011, an echo of two earthquakes hit Novosibirsk. The first of them occurred in February in the Yarmakovskiy district of the Krasnoyarsk Territory, and the second - in December of the same year in the Republic of Tyva. Another earthquake occurred there in February 2012. However, in all these three cases, the amplitude of the oscillations recorded in Novosibirsk was from 1 to 2.5 points, that is, it was not too strong.Tip 3: What is the super moon
As is known, the Moon is the only naturalEarth satellite. It is understandable people's interest in the nearest space neighbor. The overwhelming majority of earthlings since childhood know such concepts as the new moon and the full moon. However, the recently appeared new fashionable term - super moon - is far from familiar to everyone yet. So what is this - a super moon?
Instructions
1
Earth and its only natural moon moonform a gravitationally bound system. Both planets revolve around a common center of mass, located at 4700 km from the center of the Earth. The moon moves around our planet in an elliptical orbit. The lunar month is 27.3 Earth days. The point of the orbit in which the Moon approaches the Earth closest is called perigee. The point of greatest removal is apogee. The distance from the Earth to the Moon when the latter moves in orbit ranges from 356,400 to 406,700 km.
2
The sun is the central object of the nearest cosmos,also affects the gravitational system of the Earth-Moon. Due to solar influence, the precession of the lunar orbit occurs. Over a period of 18.6 terrestrial years, the plane of the lunar orbit describes a circle in space. Accordingly, the distance to perigee is constantly changing. Periodically, the Moon is closest to the Earth. If its location at perigee coincides with the full moon phase, a phenomenon called a super moon is observed.
3
At this time, due to the fact that the distance betweenThe Earth and its companion are shrinking, the Moon visually increases in size by almost 14% and becomes almost a third brighter. The phenomenon is observed about once every six months. But in 2014, there will be several suplununs -1 and 30 January, 19 March, 12 July, 10 August and 9 September. However, they will not occur at the minimum distance from the Earth. In other words - the super moon is not always "superperiod". Over the past 400 years, the closest position of the moon relative to the Earth was observed in January 1912.
4
Scientists can not yet state whether,that the passage of the Earth's satellite perigee into a full moon quite often coincides with various cataclysms on Earth. An example of this is the devastating earthquake in Sumatra, Haiti, Chile and Japan between 2004 and 2011. Of course, such events can not be predicted only on the basis of the motion of the moon.
5
But one can not dismiss the fact that tidalprocesses that are known to occur when the moon acts, occur not only in the ocean, but also in the bowels of the earth. At the same time, a huge amount of energy is concentrated in the earth's crust and even a slight increase in it due to tides can provoke a catastrophe.
6
By the way, the term "super moon" was first used by Richard Nole in 1979 to denote the greatest gravitational influence of the Moon on Earth.
