Tip 1: How the funeral is held by Muslims
Tip 1: How the funeral is held by Muslims
Islam is called upon to dictate to its followerscertain religious truths. This also applies to the rite of the burial of Muslims, since the laws of the Shari'a already predetermined and prescribed their lives from birth to death.
Instructions
1
Muslim burial places (graves) should benecessarily facing Mecca. In Muslim cemeteries it is forbidden to bury people of another faith and vice versa. It is curious that the deceased women who did not accept Islam, but who carry the child from a Muslim, are buried with their backs to Mecca. This will allow the child to face Mecca. In Islam, do not welcome any tombstones such as mausoleums, crypts. The fact is that an excessively rich and magnificent funeral can cause envy in people and lead to temptation. In addition, Sharia law strictly prohibits Muslims from loudly mourning a deceased person. It is believed that this leads to more of his suffering. Weeping Muslim men receive reproaches from society, and crying women and children gently calm down. Islam does not welcome reburial, and the opening of graves. The funeral of Muslims is not accepted. Burial places are committed at the nearest Muslim cemetery.
2
Immediately before the burialbody washing procedure. The Sharia prescribes that the deceased be bathed three times and with the participation of at least four people of the same sex as the deceased. Primary ablution occurs in water, in which cedar powder dissolves, during secondary washing water is dissolved in camphor, and for the third time ordinary water is used. According to Islamic laws, you can not bury Muslims in clothes. Only the shroud wears the deceased. It is curious that the material of the shroud depends on the material condition of the deceased. You can not cut nails and hair to the deceased. The body should be flavored with various oils. A deceased Muslim reads certain prayers. All this crowns the wrapping of the body in a shroud. Nodes are made at the head, at the waist and at the feet.
3
The knots on the shroud are untied only directlybefore burial of the body. In the cemetery of the deceased Muslim, they are not delivered in a coffin, like the Orthodox and Catholics, but on stretchers. The body is lowered downside down. Then they throw the earth into the dug grave and pour water. By the way, as an exception, Muslims can still be buried in coffins. Exceptions are dissected bodies, fragments of bodies or already decomposed corpses. The burial is accompanied by certain prayers. Some Muslims are generally buried while sitting. This is due to the views of the latter on the mechanism of the afterlife: it is believed that after his death the soul of a Muslim remains in the body before the angel of death passes the angel of paradise. He will prepare her for eternal life. But before this happens, the soul will have to answer various questions. That is why, in order for the "conversation" to take place in an atmosphere of propriety, some Muslims are buried while sitting.
Tip 2: How the Muslims are Buried
Conduct burial rituals Muslims beginimmediately, as soon as it becomes clear that the person is on the verge of life and death. Only those persons having a spiritual order can exercise these rites.
First, the dying person is put on his back so that hisThe legs were facing towards Mecca. Then, loudly, so that the dying person can hear, prayer begins to be read. Before his death, according to tradition, they give him a drink of cold water. Relatives are not allowed to cry near the dying person. Immediately after the person has died, he is tied up his chin, covers his eyes, straightens his legs and hands and covers his face. On the belly of the deceased is placed some heavy object. Abduction is performed over the deceased and washing. As a rule, Muslims are buried only after three ritual ablutions, in which at least four people participate, who should be of the same sex as the deceased. According to Sharia, Muslims are buried only in one shroud. Clothing is not allowed in any way. In the burial of a Muslim, the whole community can participate in the event that the deceased was an indigent person. The material from which the shroud is made, usually corresponds to the material state of the deceased. The deceased can not cut neither nails nor hair. Before burial, the body of the deceased is flavored with various oils. Above him, prayers are read, and then wrapped in a shroud, tying at the head, at the feet and at the waist of the knots. These knots are untied before you drop the body into the grave. Shrouded in a shroud lay the dead on a special burial stretcher, on which it is delivered to the cemetery. Muslims attach special importance to the funeral prayer, which is performed by the imam of the mosque or his deputy. During this prayer, obeisances are not committed. Bury the dead as fast as possible. If the stretcher with the body falls to the ground, then the head of the deceased is necessarily turned towards Kybyla. The deceased is lowered into the grave with his feet down, after which a handful of earth rushes into the pit and is watered. The grave can dig in completely different ways depending on the terrain. Sometimes it is strengthened with burnt bricks or boards. During the funeral, all those present must read prayers with a mention of the deceased's name. All Muslim graves are facing with their faces toward Mecca. You can not keep a Muslim in a non-Muslim cemetery in any case.
Tip 3: Why the military are buried in zinc coffins
The military is transported in zinc coffins to preserve the body of the killed soldier - galvanizing prevents air from entering the coffin, which helps the body to survive.
Zinc Coffin
Coffins made of zinc or special galvanizedBoxes are used when it is necessary to transport the body over long distances, or when the body for a number of reasons should be without burial for a long time. Naturally, such coffins or their versions from galvanized boxes are used, first of all, during wars and military conflicts, when the bodies of the dead must be delivered to their homeland for burial.In general, zinc is chosen for two reasons: The first is its high tightness with a fairly low weight and cost. The second reason is that its oxides interfere with infection and the process of decay.Corpses in sealed zinc coffins are usually goodare preserved and do not cause any inconvenience, such as an unpleasant odor of decomposition, during transport. The use of a zinc coffin in the above cases is mandatory by the sanitary standards of all civilized countries. The zinc coffin can be used many times, because it was not created for burial, but for transporting corpses and only if the body is severely disfigured, it is usually not opened and funerals are performed in a closed coffin.
Cargo-200
Load-200 is a stable expression, denotingbody in a zinc coffin. The expression came into our everyday life with the Afghan war. Then the military needed a brief and precise description of sending the zinc coffin with the body, and the description is not entirely understandable for the outsider. Zinc coffins are always weighed before being sent back home, and their length-height-width is measured to determine the so-called "flight weight" in order to calculate the permissible flight weight for the cargo hold of the aircraft. On average, this flight weight was two hundred kilograms per coffin. Hence the military term "200th", cargo-200.There are cases when during the Vietnam and Afghan wars the generals used a cargo-200 to transport heroin-sealed coffins and drugs flew back to their homeland, bypassing the customs.Transportation of cargo-200 is in fact very complicated procedure. First, the coffin or the galvanized box must necessarily be pressed in a special place.
By sanitary standards, they forbid even living flowers to be placed in the coffin! At the airport, however, the coffin is necessarily illuminated and registered through a cargo terminal.In addition to a heap of other papers, there must be attached a mandatory "certificate on the baking", indicating that there are no superfluous items in the coffin.
Tip 4: How Muslim weddings take place
The ceremony of marriage among different peoples andrepresentatives of different religions has its own characteristics. For example, those adherents of Islam who strictly adhere to religious rules, try to conduct wedding ceremonies in full accordance with them.
How the bride and groom should behave before the Muslims' wedding
Many Muslims, especially those living in largeEuropean cities and not too zealously observing religious rules, make weddings in a compromise style, allowing some deviations from the old customs and norms. The rules of Islamic morality require that future spouses not see each other before marriage. They can only occur in the presence of other people (usually older relatives). Touching each other, even handshakes, is strictly forbidden. The bride, when meeting with her future husband, must be dressed according to the Muslim canons, so that only her face and hands are open. The weddings immediately preceding the wedding are held depending on which people or community the bride and groom belong to. In most cases, just before the wedding, the groom and the bride are visited by relatives, friends and girlfriends. In the house of the future wife, women gather, and the house of the future husband is men. They congratulate the culprits of the celebration before dawn, give them advice on various issues of living together, wish for happiness. Some people this night allow the groom to visit the house of his future wife for a short time.How is the wedding ceremony?
According to Muslim canons, marriage inbodies of the registry office still does not make the newlyweds a husband and wife in the face of Allah. A religious procedure is required for the registration of marriage, which is called "nikah". It usually takes place in a mosque with the obligatory presence of two witnesses, as well as the father or guardian of the bride. The bridal clothes should be worn in accordance with Islamic traditions. Although there are no strict regulatory rules on this score. It is conducted by the mullah or imam. He read aloud the fourth Surah of the Quran, which describes the rights and duties of a married woman. The groom is supposed to confirm his intention to take the bride to his wife, and also indicate what kind of property (in cash or in kind) he presents to her as a wedding gift. This gift he is obliged to transfer to his wife for a certain period, or in the event of a divorce. After the completion of the nickah, the newlyweds exchange rings. In Muslims, unlike Christians, wedding rings are made of silver. Wedding after the nicha court tradition is distinguished by its splendor and abundance. Necessary to serve the famous oriental sweets. The use of alcohol is prohibited, since it is incompatible with the norms of Islam.Tip 5: How to bury Muslims
In the ritual of the burial of Muslims, everything is subject to the strict rules of the Sharia. Those of the gentiles who observed the process of burial say that there is a fascinating solemnity and severity in it.
Burial in the Muslim world is a very serious event. It has nothing to do with the Christian rules and traditions of burial of the deceased.
Rules that are strictly enforced
According to the Sharia, one can bury a MuslimOnly in those cemeteries where his co-religionists are buried. There, each grave is always directed towards Mecca, there are rooms for ablution, in which the ritual is spent washing the dead. In Muslim cemeteries, there are no tombstones in the form of luxurious mausoleums or crypts. There everything is subject to the Shariah demand - the tombstone must be modest so as not to cause envy of the deceased's relatives and not introduce them into temptation. According to tradition, loud crying in the cemetery is forbidden for anyone: men or women. It is believed that this can cause severe suffering in the soul of the departed earthly world. Muslims believe that if the grief of loss is endured patiently and with dignity, Allah will help man in life and support him. In the event that, by the will of fate, a Muslim is buried in a foreign land, autopsy of graves and reburial are prohibited. The deceased Muslim can not be shaved, cut his beard and nails. Since the presence of clothing on the body of the deceased is unacceptable, the deceased must be wrapped in a shroud. For its manufacture use white matter. The shroud consists of several parts (for men - from three, for women - from five), each of which has its name and purpose. The man's shroud will never be made of silk, as it is forbidden by the rules of the burial of Muslims. For those deceased, who was a financially secure person, they use more expensive cloth.The ritual of the burial of a Muslim
The deceased is immersed in a grave in a verticalposition, feet down. The hands of the deceased are not crossed on the chest, but are lowered. Lay the deceased so that his head is directed towards Mecca. If a woman is buried, a tight cloth is tied up before the grave in order to hide the burial of the body from the male views. All the time in the cemetery read the Koran. And this process continues for several hours after the relatives and friends of the buried Muslim leave the cemetery. After the body is laid in the grave, each of those present is obliged to throw a little ground into it, uttering aloud or about himself a prayer, the meaning of which is as follows: we all belong to the Most High and return to it. The grave hill is also formed in accordance with the requirements of the Koran: it should be no more than four fingers above the surface of the earth, it should be watered seven times with water and finally spread a handful of earth over it.Tip 6: Why not bury Lenin
The issue of the historical heritage is very delicate, it must be treated with a civilized and without emotion. One of the controversial issues of historical ethics remains the question of the burial of Lenin's body.
Probably, it would be unfair to ascribe all the victories of the state to one person, and to blame an individual person for national tragedies.
Prehistory of the memorial
The totalitarian regime, to which categorymost historians refer to the style of government in the Soviet Union, relies on ideology and needs symbols. In a developed economic society, there is no need to create additional motivation. In this kind of society, natural market mechanisms operate on the basis of which a loyal society is formed. Bolsheviks sympathized with the majority of the peasantry and the working class, for the promised freedoms, rights, and, most importantly, land. In the minds of the masses, all innovations were firmly associated with the name of the leader of the proletarian revolution, Ulyanov-Lenin. Despite the fact that since March 1923 the leader was practically dismissed because of his state of health, his popularity was constantly supported by members of the Politburo. Up to his death, bulletins on the state of his health were published, and the appearance of his active participation in the life of the country was created. Initially, the question of preserving the leader's body was considered at a meeting of the Politburo on the proposal of Stalin and was not supported by the majority of the participants in the plenum. But the will of the workers and rank-and-file members of the Bolshevik Party, in fact, the will of the people, was initiated to create a kind of symbol of the revolution in the form of an embalmed leader and a memorial complex in the form of the Mausoleum. The foundation of a kind of Marxist religion was created, the place of body storage became a sacred place of worship.What prevents to bury the body of Lenin today
With the collapse of the Union, the question of the burial of Leninwas especially acute, since the generation that grew up under the banner of communism was still sufficiently influential and could create serious internal political problems. Today, most of the statistical surveys show a fairly calm attitude of the majority of respondents to the removal and burial of the sarcophagus bordering on indifference. As a source of ideological inspiration for a small part of the population of Russia, the Mausoleum, naturally, is no longer relevant. The question is the observance of ethical, moral and universal norms. The opponents' opinions about the inadmissibility of the location of the actual cemetery in the center of the capital are based on the reasonable arguments of the opponents of the removal of the body. The problem is that the pantheon on Red Square for all time of existence of the Union has acquired the status of a kind of place of memory of the most worthy sons of Russia. The remains of many Russian autocrats rest in the Kremlin. That is, if we eradicate the burial places of the Soviet period, an imbalance in Russian history has been created. Moreover, to take out and bury the body of Lenin in secret, as Stalin once did, would deny all the achievements of the Soviet Union. To bury Lenin according to the Christian rite is not possible because of the latter's ideological convictions. Disputes about the removal and burial of Lenin's body are still conducted at the highest level. To date, the mummy of Lenin from the symbol of the revolution has turned into a tool for manipulating the electorate for solving small political goals. We have to state that until the burial algorithm is developed that does not affect the moral standards in relation to the historical past, the "specter of communism" will wander around Europe. The president of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Yuri Osipov, expressed this best: "It's unacceptable to burn history ... If every new generation will settle scores with the previous one, nothing good will come of it "Tip 7: How to hold a funeral and a wake
The Russian funeral rite (or funeral) is basedon pagan Slavic representations and, of course, on Orthodox traditions. Orthodox Christians have certain rules for the funeral and subsequent funerals.
Instructions
1
The funeral procedure for Orthodox ChristiansChristian. The coffin with the body of the deceased must stand on a table (or stools) covered with a cloth. The narrow part of the coffin (where the feet of the deceased are located) must necessarily be facing towards the exit from the room (or at home). The lid of the coffin must necessarily stand vertically a narrow part on the floor. It is not recommended to put it in the stairwell. For this there is an entrance hall or corridor.
2
In the house with the deceased must be hisa portrait in a mourning frame, wreaths, as well as any of his awards (if any). Mirrors and paintings should be curtained with fabrics. This is required by the Orthodox custom of burial. All those present at the removal (and, of course, directly at the funeral), if possible, need to wear only dark and black colors.
3
From the house a coffin with a body is taken out with a narrow end forward. Relatives are strictly forbidden to carry the coffin and the lid. It's done by the funeral organizers, or just friends and acquaintances. The coffin is carried either to the burial service to the church, or immediately to the grave in the cemetery. Everything depends on the last will of the deceased and the desires of his relatives.
4
In the cemetery relatives, relatives and friends of the deceasedsay goodbye to him. Someone utters a mourning speech, someone silently stands and listens. After the farewell, the deceased's face is closed. This is done with the shroud. Then the coffin is closed with a lid. By the way, if the deceased was served in the church, then the ground, consecrated in the temple, sprinkles on the shroud. Workers of the cemetery carry the coffin to the dug grave, and then lower it into it.
5
After that, a coffin dropped into the grave is throwna handful of earth. The first to do this is the family and friends of the deceased, then all the other people who came to lead the deceased on their last journey. Then the grave is covered with earth, the original wooden Orthodox cross is installed with the registration data of the person buried under it. Participants of the funeral ceremony lay flowers and wreaths. All. The funeral ceremony is over.
6
The order of the funeral of the OrthodoxChristian. A wake is a ritual that commemorates a recently deceased person. The essence of the wake is a collective meal (or a funeral dinner), which is arranged by his relatives. Memorial services can be held both in a house where the deceased had recently lived, as well as in a cemetery in a specially designated place. Orthodox wake ceremonies are held on the day of burial and in the subsequent definite terms of commemoration.
7
Orthodox Christians hold funeral dinnersthree times. The first commemoration takes place immediately after burial, the second - on the ninth day after death, and the third - on the fortieth (that is, on the 40th day). Sometimes a wake is arranged in six months. The further term of this rite is once a year (on the day of death). They often remember a deceased person and on the day of his birth.
8
In the process of eating a funeral mealOrthodox Christians pray for the repose of the deceased soul. Any action performed during a funeral feast has a sacred foundation. That's why the menu of the funeral meal is determined in advance. The food on the table is simple. No delicious dishes. The tablecloth on the table must be plain, not colored. At funeral dinners can invite specially, and can wait for anyone who wishes to remember the deceased. In any case, you do not have to stay long there.
Tip 8: Why does funeral bring an even number of colors
According to the traditions of the French and Slavs, eventhe number of flowers is only for funerals, but a living person is usually given flowers in an odd number. However, in almost all of Europe, as well as in the United States and some eastern states - everything is exactly the opposite. Live give an even number of colors, because it brings good luck and happiness.
Customs of the peoples of the world
In Israel, only an even number of flowers is given, andfor the funeral flowers do not bring. In Georgia, it is considered that everything that is related to family values brings only happiness. Therefore, Georgians give living people two flowers (like a married couple), but in the cemetery they carry an odd number of flowers, so that the deceased could not take his own pair with him. The Japanese, in turn, consider the numbers 1, 3 and 5 as the masculine (yang), and the figures are 2.4 and 6 female (yin). However, in their culture, the number 4 means peace or death, so they never give an even number of flowers to living people. Italians bring to the funeral only an odd number of colors.The roots of traditions
The beginning of all such prejudices and traditionswas laid in the ancient world. Each of the countries has gone its long way of development and, in this regard, many peoples have absolutely different views on the belonging of numbers to any customs or rules. Pagans always treated even numbers as symbols of evil or death. The old saying "trouble does not come alone" comes to mind immediately. Many ancient cultures linked the paired numbers with the completion, the completeness of the life cycle, and therefore always presented gifts to the dead in even numbers. Odd numbers are considered ancient people, on the contrary, symbols of luck, happiness and success. In their opinion, odd numbers were displayed in instability, movement, life and development, and even ones were always considered symbols of peace and tranquility. The ancient Pythagoreans considered odd numbers as symbols of light, goodness and life. For them, odd numbers symbolized the right side, or the side of luck. But the even numbers opposite, symbolized the left side - the side of darkness, evil and death. Perhaps because of these beliefs and there was a well-known sign of "getting up on the left foot," then starting the day is unsuccessful.Signs of the ancient Slavs
Inhabitants of Ancient Russia, at the time of primordiaChristian faith, always associated paired numbers with a complete life cycle, and always presented only a pair of colors to the deceased. Thus, warriors who defended their homeland, were given two flowers at the funeral and said "one flower to the deceased, the second god". With the arrival of a full-fledged Christianity, in which the right side also signifies the side of life, light and faith, and the left side is a symbol of darkness and godlessness, the Slavs began to associate paired numbers with the left side, and odd numbers on the right. From these principles, and the custom has gone to present the deceased only a pair of colors, while at the funeral an even number of flowers are given up to 10 stems. If there are more than 12 flowers in the bouquet, then this has no semantic load. But all the same, regardless of this, desperate and loving men give women not 100, but 99 roses.Tip 9: What does the funeral of a friend look like?
In general, dreams in which a person sees someone'sfuneral, after awakening can leave a rather unpleasant and painful sediment on the soul. Meanwhile, some "funeral" dreams are directly opposite nature.
What does the funeral of familiar people look like? Sonnik Tsvetkova
Evgeny Tsvetkov believes that the dreamthe funeral of any familiar person (friend, friend, colleague, colleague at work) is a positive omen. Perhaps soon the dreamer will play his wedding. The favorable outcome of some important business in the sphere of business is also not excluded. If the dreamer saw his own funeral, it is to longevity and good health.Funeral according to Miller's dream book
The scientist, in general, also does not see anything wrong with such dreams. For example, to bury a friend in a dream is very good. He, most likely, will live happily ever after.According to Vanga's dream book, to hear in a dream at a funeral a sad bell-ringing - to unexpected sad news, to the illness of one of the dreamer's native.Miller asks to pay attention to somenuances of these dreams. In particular, the weather, which was at the funeral. If the street was warm, the sun was shining, then in the life of a dreamer and his family, pleasant changes are coming. This - a successful life period. If the weather during the funeral was overcast, then in reality it is possible to receive some unpleasant or sad news. Sometimes this dream portends financial losses and illnesses. If a dreamer sees how his acquaintance is buried, but he himself is a stranger at a mourning event, then problems associated with non-issues come up. This in most cases provokes quarrels and conflicts between friends.
Some commentators are sure that the splendorThe funeral also has its significance. If a dreamer is present at the rich funeral of a friend, then intrigues, shame and gossip await him. Modest procession - to pleasant troubles.One of the most sad after the awakening of dreams -funeral of his child. But do not be scared and worried. Despite all the sorrows reflected in a dream, reality in a family life will be all right and well. The only trouble with this kind of dream is misunderstandings and problems with friends.
Sonny Hasse
Watch the funeral procession of a frienda person from the window - to participate in some celebratory event. If at his funeral a dreamer hears a bell ringing or a mourning march, then he will have fun until he goes crazy. If the dreamer is present at the funeral of a familiar person, but then realizes that he does not know him, he will soon be able to solve long-standing accumulated problems. This is certainly a kind and auspicious sign.
