Tip 1: What is made of titanium

Tip 1: What is made of titanium



Titanium - silver-white metal, for the first timediscovered by the English chemist William Gregor in 1791. Light and durable, he quickly attracted the attention of designers. But more than a hundred years after its discovery, before titanium began to be used in industry.





What is made of titanium

















Titanium has many advantages and only onea significant disadvantage is the high cost. The latter circumstance led to the fact that titanium, first of all, began to be used for strategic purposes. And only much later titanium found application in medicine and civilian industries. The specific gravity of titanium is 4.505 grams per cubic centimeter. Compare with iron - 7.8 grams in cubic centimeter and aluminum - 2.7 grams. The strength of titanium is two times higher than that of iron and almost six times higher than that of aluminum. Particularly important is the property of titanium to retain its strength at high temperatures. It is this circumstance that determined the widespread use of titanium in aviation and rocket engineering. In modern aircraft, military and civilian, the most loaded parts are made of titanium. This allows you to get a significant gain in weight while maintaining the necessary strength characteristics. Titanium makes blades and many other parts of jet engines. Titanium is very widely used in shipbuilding. The world's fastest nuclear submarine, the Soviet K-162, was made of titanium. In tests in 1970 she managed to develop an underwater speed of 44.7 knots, or 82.78 km / h. This speed record is not beaten until now. But with all its outstanding characteristics, this boat was very expensive due to the use of titanium, so it went down in history even under one name - "Goldfish." Despite the high cost, titanium has found wide application in medicine. In particular, it is used in the manufacture of artificial joints and in the treatment of complex fractures - the damaged bone is secured with titanium elements. This use of titanium became possible due to its high strength and good compatibility with human tissues. Titanium is used as an alloying additive in the production of high-quality steels. Due to its high corrosion resistance, it is widely used in the chemical industry for the production of chemical reactors, tanks, pipelines. More often one can meet titanium in everyday life, various tools are being made from it. Titanium shovels are very popular. Such earth shovels do not stick to them, they are lighter than steel. The only deterrent to the widespread distribution of titanium is still its high price. If ever one manages to find a cheap method of obtaining titanium, this remarkable metal will get even wider distribution.
























Tip 2: Trend slimming from Japan: clothes made of titanium: truth or fiction?



Today obesity is a real worldproblem. Inadequate nutrition, a sedentary lifestyle and a lack of free time for regular exercise by physical activity lead to malfunctions in the human body. The body is slagged and fats begin to be deposited in the tissues. Do not help, or slimming tea, or any other medications, many people believe that a titanium slimming suit can become a rescue.





Trend slimming from Japan: clothes made of titanium: truth or fiction?







Japanese scientists on the latest technologieshave developed special clothes for weight loss. It is made from a special hygroscopic fabric, in which titanium particles are added. During operation, such clothing is tightly attached to the body and warms it due to natural heat. The thermo-effect is achieved thanks to the relief microclamation of the tissue. The result is a bath or sauna effect. Under the influence of heat begins to occur the splitting of fats and the elimination of toxins. A person not only burns fats, but also heals his body. The microfiber of such a suit has unique properties to absorb moisture and bring it out, allowing you to breathe at the same time. Particles of titanium and silver protect clothing from unpleasant odors of unavoidable sweat, as metal ions prevent the reproduction of various fungi and bacteria, viruses and microbes.
This product is by-product, originallyIt was assumed that the costumes would be used by rescuers and divers, but the effect of losing weight forced to revise the concept and bring clothes to the consumer market.
Clothing with titanium particles improvescirculation of blood, thereby improving the muscle blood supply. Reduces puffiness, improves the overall condition of blood vessels and skin, activates the work of internal organs. Titanium, which is integrated into the fabric of clothing, gives antibacterial effect, helps to get rid of stretch marks and cellulite. Such clothes will suit all those who lead a sedentary lifestyle and can not seriously engage in the "building" of their own body and health. It should be noted that clothes made of titanium do not need to be worn for days, it is put on for a maximum of 2-3 hours. Beginners should limit themselves to forty minutes, so as not to overload the body, and gradually increase the time of socks to two hours. After taking such a "slimming session" you need to take a contrast shower, and titanium clothes to dry well. The effect of such clothes is very high. Within a month, you can get rid of six extra pounds.
For young mothers who need fastto recover after the birth of the baby, a suit with titanium particles will become a real find. Mom will be able to take care of the child and her family, without spending time on trips to the gym.
Slimming clothes with titanium particlesis available in different versions. Shorts - affect the abdomen, hips and buttocks. Breeches will be a good solution for those who move little. A wide belt is able to rid of excess deposits in the waist, will have a beneficial effect on the spine and on the muscles of the back as a whole. A sports suit is a complete version of clothing made of titanium, its use significantly increases the efficiency of the most simple physical exertion. Of course, a titanium suit is not a solution to all problems, but a good opportunity to get rid of excess weight and improve your body. In such a suit, you can do ordinary household chores, and he will work.









Tip 3: What decorations are made of zircon



Among the variety of jewelry, one of the places of honor is jewelry with zircon. Zircon can "play a leading role", and also serve as a magnificent background for other stones.





What decorations are made of zircon








Instructions





1


Zircon is a natural semi-precious stone,which is a zirconium silicate and contains impurities of calcium, iron, titanium, zinc, copper and other elements. There is a cubic zirconium (fianit) - a single crystal of zirconium oxide, grown by Soviet technology. Transparency and the play of light in the faces give it a striking resemblance to a diamond.





2


Zircon in Persian translation means«Golden stone». However, this is not entirely true, because the color range of the mineral is quite wide. Depending on the impurities, you can find red, green, black, brown, blue, yellow, as well as colorless zircons.





3


Most of all jewelers appreciate the zircon of browncolor, which after firing acquires a beautiful blue color. Such specimens are called starlets, they usually become the center of the composition in jewelry made of gold or silver.





4


Of transparent crystals make jewelry. Transparent zircon crystals pink, reddish-brown and reddish-brown called hyacinth, yellow crystals - jargon.





5


From zircon make beads, bracelets and earrings,decorate their watch. Also, stones are inserted into rings and pendants, they make of them chic necklaces and necklaces. Ornaments from zircon look very impressive, because this mineral is considered one of the worthy competitors to a diamond.





6


Zircon usually betray a diamond orstep cut. This stone is quite fragile, so it needs a reliable frame. Due to the high refractive index of light, colorless zircons are often used as imitations of diamonds, supplementing jewelry with small stones.





7


Ornaments with zircons can lose their luster if you do not look after them. Clean them with flannel or woolen cloth, using a mildly-concentrated soap solution.











Tip 4: How to choose jewelry from titanium



In 1791 in the English county of Cornwallmodest, but inquisitive priest William Gregor discovered in the magnetic-ferrous sand metal, which attracted his attention. And a couple of years later, regardless of this find, the metal was named titanium by the German chemist Martin Klaproth in honor of the heroes of Ancient Greece.





How to choose jewelry from titanium







Titanium Properties and Selection Criteria

The explored reserves of metal are few, and hisdeposits even less. It is light, durable, aesthetic, so jewelers willingly use it to make jewelry. Designers make titanium brooches and rings, earrings and bracelets, pendants and chains, almost all the modern range of "jeweler". Jewelry made of titanium can not be corroded and oxidized, do not leave a trace on the body even after a long socks. Titanium is lighter than articles made of precious metals, but stronger, scratches and dents do not deform the structure of the decoration. Outwardly reminiscent of platinum, titanium wins in price. At least for now. There is also one more, especially jeweler property - the technique of metal processing allows to give to its array the whole scale of shades, aesthetically combining it with stones of any colors and styling an ornament under any clothes.

Who should wear titanium jewelry and how to choose them?

Titanium belongs to the sign of Aquarius. He absorbed all the strength and energy of the "menacing planets" - Saturn and Uranus. It is necessary for people born under the signs of these planets as the main amulet. Male Aquarians wear titanium ornaments on their right, women on their left hands. Metal should clearly indicate that its owner is an active, strong, uncompromising person, an unordinary and dynamic personality. Any non-traditional decoration emphasizes eccentricity. Before you choose, think about whether your character meets these qualities. There is also a more prosaic reason for choosing: unlike gold, platinum and especially silver, titanium is an inert metal that does not react to sunlight, salts, chemical features of the body, is resistant to magnetism. For allergy sufferers, he became the best alternative to the traditional "jeweler".

Choosing a "precious" style

Titanium jewelry is extremely aesthetic andcorresponds to the style of any active woman. Madame Coco Chanel for the first time used a titanium theme in style collections. Men also look at products made of titanium: cufflinks, prints, clips for a tie, they can always be matched to the appropriate appearance. But the main purpose of jewelry from titanium is to deliver and give people joy, to emphasize the individuality of everyone. Wedding rings made of titanium are a symbol of the constancy of the couple. Natural stones with gilded or black titanium spray should be chosen only by a dynamic young girl with a vivid character. A great rarity - titanium jewelry for a natural emerald - for fidgets of any age. Creative natures inclined to invention, friend and assistant will be a titanium ring or necklace with moonstone and purple or azure color of the titanium base. But the most-most combined with the titanium stone is known even from the ancient Persians - a diamond. In its mysterious and inimitable brilliance, titanium participates as an impurity independently, and in the titanium frame, the diamond bears protection from all the dark forces of the Earth! There is only one restriction in the choice - an unmarried girl, a diamond with a titanium will become an eternal obstacle to family life. And professional jewelers and astrologers to most men recommend titanium jewelry with natural garnet. Titanium is a very light metal, its presence is easy to determine even by weight - the ring is much lighter than the same of copper or steel. The composition of the alloy is determined only by the laboratory, but try ringing on the glass. Only titanium will leave a barely noticeable grayish touch on the glass.








Tip 5: How and from what do chalk



Chalk is the softest limestonebreed. Surprisingly, that chalk, which students write on the board, almost has not changed since the rock paintings. Of course, the process of production of modern chalk was complicated in order to achieve better quality, but its functions remained the same.





How and from what do chalk







What is chalk made of?

The main component of chalk is calcium carbonate (CaCO3)- one of the limestone forms. Limestone deposits are formed from coccoliths - the shell of tiny flagellates, created from decomposed skeletons of plankton. For making pastel crayons, calcium sulphate (CaSO4) is taken as a basis, which is extracted from gypsum - an evaporite mineral, which is formed from salts of ocean water.

Chalk and dehydrated gypsum have similar properties. Pastel crayons also contain clay and oils, binding components and giving durability to color. Due to this composition, the crayons have a velvety texture, glide smoothly over the surface and do not crumble. Although special attention is paid to purification from impurities in the production, nevertheless some of them remain. The main ones are silicon, aluminum, iron, phosphorus and sulfur. In a smaller amount are present manganese, copper, titanium, sodium oxide, potassium oxide, fluoride, arsenic and strontium.

Process of chalk production

For the production of chalk is being developedlimestone quarry; usually this is an open development. Then the limestone is crushed and grinded together with water in a ball mill (rotating steel drum, inside of which water is sprayed). At this stage limestone is washed away by foreign impurities, and pure powder remains.

The extraction of gypsum is exactly the same as limestone. The difference is that the gypsum must be dehydrated in order to obtain calcium sulphate. This occurs in a special chamber, where the gypsum is heated to a temperature of 116-121 degrees Celsius. When boiling, from 12 to 15 percent of its mass is evaporated. Next, the gypsum is heated to 204 degrees and in this form is taken from the chamber. Then the mass is placed in a vibrating screen, where large particles are screened out. After that, the powder is again washed, dried, packed in bags and sent to the manufacturer of chalk.

At the chalk factory chalk or sulphatecalcium is ground again. To produce school crayons, add water to the mass and bring it to the consistency of the clay. Then the mass is stamped and cut into bars about 60 cm long, which are placed in a special shape, five pieces each. This form is sent to the oven, where it is stored for four days at a temperature of 85 degrees Celsius. Then the hardened chalks are cut into bars of 80 mm in length. For the production of colored crayons, the pigments are mixed with the substrate in a dry form, and only then water is added and the production cycle described above begins.