Tip 1: What is the specificity of socialization as a social process
Tip 1: What is the specificity of socialization as a social process
The main feature of socialization as a socialprocess is the self-renewal of society, its spiritual substitution, i.e. continuous transfer of social experience to other generations and their acceptance of this experience for subsequent transfer. Socialization is necessary for a person for positive coexistence and interaction with other members of society and for self-determination as a part of society.
Features of socialization
Socialization is understood as the process of enteringpersonality into the social environment through acceptance by the individual of the norms and traditions prevalent in his environment. Socialization is based on a person's ability to absorb the cultural, moral conditions and attitudes of his social environment throughout his life, and also to be established in society by understanding and defining himself as part of the whole. The mastery of the norms and values of his environment determines the successful activity of the individual in public life. Socialization includes both the process of accepting accepted norms by the individual, and the process of integrating new ideas of the individual into society for his benefit. Thus, socialization is necessary for a person to take place as individuals, and socialization is necessary for society in order to be stable, whole, developed. To explain the nature of the socialization process, the French sociologist Pierre Bourdieu introduced such a notion as habitus - "second nature" . A habit is a process of subconsciously following a person with the principles and norms of public life that are instilled in him. Socialization determines the presence in a person of an unconscious attitude, corresponding to the social conditions and settings of the surrounding society. Thanks to the habitus, a person feels himself to be a part of society and gets satisfaction from belonging to a whole system.Types and stages of socialization
There are two types of socialization:- primary - occurs during adulthood and upbringing of a person - secondary - is defined as the integration of a mature formed personality into different social groups and interaction with them. Also, the primary and secondary levels of socialization are singled out: the primary level is communication and the relationship of the subject with a small group of close people i.e. with parents, friends, neighbors, colleagues; the secondary level of socialization is the interaction of the subject with state structures, public organizations, etc. The process of socialization consists of several basic stages: - adaptation - assimilation of the experience accumulated by the society, imitation; - identification - the desire of the individual to self-define, stand out; as a participant in social processes - the stage of work - the realization of acquired knowledge and skills, the impact on the social environment - the stage of post-labor activity - before Acknowledge social experience for representatives of the next generation.Tip 2: What is the basis for socialization as a sociocultural process
Socialization is the process of entering the personality insocial environment through the adoption of the individual prevalent in his environment norms and traditions. As a sociocultural process, socialization is built on the ability of a person to absorb the cultural conditions of his or her social environment throughout life, and also to be realized in society by preserving these cultural conditions or changing them.
The concept and structure of socialization
Socialization is necessary for an individual for a fullparticipation in the life of society. Assimilation of norms of social interaction, features of everyday behavior, ideology, mentality, moral values and cultural heritage determines the involvement of a person in social processes and the further development of the personality in society. Identify the stages of the process of socialization: - adaptation - assimilation of experience accumulated by society, imitation; individual self-determination, stand out - integration - the emergence of the personality as a participant in social processes - the stage of work - the acquisition knowledge and skills, the impact on the social environment - the stage of post-employment activities - the transfer of social experience to representatives of the next generation.Features of socialization as a socio-cultural process
Involvement of a person in public lifeoccurs through the assimilation of the norms, values and traditions accepted in society, that is, through culture. Socialization forms the personality as a participant in society, including as a carrier of culture and a factor of its development. The socio-cultural process is characterized by a combination of such phenomena as the desire to preserve cultural experience and the desire to change this experience. Socialization as a sociocultural process can take place both in the key of personal attraction to traditional cultural values and in the drive for innovation, modernization, progressive cultural forms. The post-labor stage of socialization, namely the enrichment of a new generation with accumulated cultural experience, is one of the functions of the sociocultural process. This phenomenon allows the social group to maintain its identity, protect its traditions from the processes of globalization. The labor stage of socialization - the influence of the individual on social processes - allows to exist the socio-cultural process in the form of the desire of the society's culture for self-development and innovation. The dynamics of such a sociocultural process is ensured by the following ways of cultural changes: - the implementation of new ideas, the development of innovations, the independent creation of new cultural forms by society, - the borrowing of experience from other social groups, - diffusion - the spread and interweaving of cultural values and traditions.Tip 3: Socialization as an adaptation process
It is generally accepted that adaptation is the mainelement and mechanism of socialization, under the influence of which the personality acquires the features of sociality and feels itself a full member of society. Infant from birth is a prosocial being, his social qualities are not yet developed. An adult is a social being, he grew up in a society of people like himself and became one of them.
The social nature of a person does not change over the course oflife. Only the forms of his interaction with the public and the society change, as well as a measure of compliance with his expectations and requirements. So, the socialization of the child does not consist in increasing the measure of its sociality, but in the fact that the forms of its interaction with the surrounding society and the mechanisms for implementing this interaction are changing. Even the intrauterine development of the child occurs not only with biological interactions, but also with social forms of interaction with his mother. A baby, when born, needs the constant care of adults. This is custody, and feeding, and caring for them. So, the child is born and already is a social being. At the same time, sociality is the ability of an individual to interact with other people, to influence them, to change themselves and their behavior as a response to their actions in a direction that corresponds to their expectations, that is, to show the quality of adaptation in the society. Social and social development and the development of personality is called socialization. That is, socialization is the process of full integration of a certain person into the social system through adaptation or adaptation to the latter. Therefore, the concepts of socialization and adaptation here are inextricably linked. What causes adaptation as a form, component or mechanism of the socialization process? What is the reason for the adaptation? According to biology, the purpose of adaptation is the utility of a different device for reproduction and survival. Adaptive changes in this case follow changes in environmental conditions and represent improvements in progress. Other changes that are random, or do not contribute to reproduction and survival, are genetically reproduced in future generations. The sense of adaptation from the point of view of psychology, or its utility for the subject of socialization, consists in getting rid of feelings of loneliness, fear or reduction in terms of social learning, based on the experience of the public, a person is freed from the need to make trials and make mistakes, choosing the optimal program of behavior at once. Different people have different speed and success adaptation. In such cases, they speak about the degree of disadaptation or social adaptation of the individual. The social factors that determine the success of adaptation include: 1. homogeneity of the group; 2. competence and importance of its members; 3. number of the group; 4. position in society; 5. uniformity and rigidity of the requirements; 6. the nature of the activities of the members of the group. subjective or personal factors: 8. level of human competence; 9. self-esteem of the person, 10. the degree of identification of oneself with a group or other community and relating oneself to it; level of anxiety; 12. age, gender and other typological features.
