Tip 1: Natural Rubber: Material History
Tip 1: Natural Rubber: Material History
Rubber - the most valuable product, used for centuries for the production of rubber. Its source is Hevea - one of the most common plants in South America and Southeast Asia.
The origin of rubber
One of the most useful for the history of mankindplants there was and remains a hevea - a tree from the juice of which rubber is made. It grows in the tropical climate of South America and Southeast Asia. Initially, hevea originated from Brazil: Indians living in the jungle of the Amazon have long used the juice of this plant for medical (disinfection of wounds and stopping blood), industrial (waterproof shoes and raincoats) and even gaming purposes. In particular, it was the Indians who created the first rubber ball for games similar to modern football. From South America, the Hevea was taken out by the British, and in the early 20th century they were planted in their Asian colonies. It was then that the plantations appeared in Thailand, Cambodia, Malaysia, Indonesia and Vietnam. At the moment, Thailand is the largest supplier of natural rubber.Extraction of rubber
The process of obtaining rubber is extremely simple. Hevea trees begin to produce resin at the age of 7-8 years: it is then that they make the first cuts, out of which oozes a white thick milky juice. Each tree during the day gives about 200 grams of juice, which is collected in small cups, tied to a tree. In the evening, the collected juice is poured into large containers and sent to processing plants. Milky juice is collected daily until the tree reaches the age of about 30 years, when it dries up. Plantation is cut down completely and young shoots are planted in its place. In fact, the juice collected and cleared from branches and insects can already be considered a ready product, as it quickly thickens in air and turns into a dense rubber mass, however, to speed up the process, special thickeners and placed in flat small pallets of square or rectangular shape. Then the resulting dough-like sticky mass is rolled by the press, squeezing the remaining moisture out of it, and dried. Thus, you can get natural rubber almost manually, giving it the necessary shape and evaporating all the moisture. The last action of the primary treatment is the smudging of the resulting rubber sheets in order to get rid of the ants and other insects. It is the smoking that gives the leaves a brownish-yellow color, which is considered to be classic for natural rubber. Natural latex products for sleeping (pillows, mattresses), contraceptives, medical gloves and protective equipment, and much more are produced at the moment.Tip 2: Kirt Boots: History and Modernity
Corn boots are true Russian shoes. It is unique, used for many years. Soldiers of Russia wear these strong and durable boots. They are also used by villagers, hunters and fishermen.
Kirt boots have become so populardue to its high quality operational advantages. They do not get wet, reliable and comfortable. Despite the fact that such shoes are considered an echo of the past, it is still used. Kirza is a leatherette. It is a multi-layer cotton fabric, which is treated with a film-forming substance. They have been making it at the Kirov plant for many, many years. To give the material the look of genuine leather, the manufacturers subject it to stamping.
From the history
Few know how to produce kirzesboots. It all began with the search for a way of making material for soldiers' shoes. The ideal option was the skin, but it was too expensive (as, indeed, now). It was necessary to come up with an inexpensive replacement. And the material was needed high-quality and strong, able to withstand tough army conditions. The first who started the process of developing the cobble-stone was Mikhail Pomortsev, a well-known Russian inventor. Shoes began to be produced during the Great Patriotic War. Then the boots were called "kirzachs." Unfortunately, the experiments were unsuccessful, as Pomortsev experimented with rubber, which does not differ in its strength characteristics. Boots made from such material could not withstand the load. After that, engineer Ivan Plotnikov continued searching for the ideal material for creating reliable boots. In the shortest time, shoes were produced, which is still very popular. So, the lower part was made of yufti, the bootleg - from the crozza. This made it possible to make the production process much cheaper.Modernity
Almost all products produced at the plant,is intended for the army, despite the fact that many advocate for shoes with lacing. Cocktail boots can boast not only high performance characteristics, they also protect the legs of a person from various negative external influences, including from cold and heat. The sole is made of rubber, and the back, socks and bootleg are made of the same materials as before. As you can see, little has changed over the years. Thanks to the fact that the back is hard and the toe is granitol, the foot in such shoes is very stable. You can buy them in specialized stores and virtual points. The price ranges from 700 to 1300 rubles.Tip 3: Why chew the cud?
The history of chewing gum goes back to its rootsin the distant past. The difference between the chewing gum of the current time and that of the ancestors, is a small content of natural components. Therefore, the question arises, but should chewing gum and what benefits does it bring?
Instructions
1
If you turn to dentistry, then specialistsThis area is recommended to chew gum that does not contain sugar. Its usefulness is explained by the fact that it prevents the development of caries. Chewing gum stimulates the secretion of saliva, and this, in turn, contributes to the neutralization of the products of the vital activity of bacteria.
2
In an effort to gain health benefits for ancestorschewing gum conifers or mastic trees. As a chewing gum, paraffin or beeswax was also used. These substances possessed high medical potential. Inhabitants of South Mexico, Maya Indians, used as a chewing gum a wild tree of sapadilla, the juice of which helped to relieve the thirst and hunger, and also to clean the teeth. Sapadilla juice was once used to produce rubber or latex, which was the basis of natural chewing gum.
3
Recently, replacements have been increasingly usednatural components in the production of chewing gum. Such substances are cheap synthetic materials. In the chewing gum one can find more than one man-made ingredient. Vegetable components of chewing gum have been replaced with sweeteners, synthetic latex, flavorings, colorants, emulsifiers and plasticizers.
4
About the influence of chewing gumhas on health, it can be judged by the components that make up its composition. It is important to remember that chewing gum when it is used improperly can damage the body. Thus, it can cause gastritis or promote the development of a stomach ulcer.
5
It is worth mentioning separately about people who sufferdiseases of the pancreas and stomach. Chewing gum can aggravate the situation. It stimulates the production of digestive enzymes by the pancreas and stomach acid, and this has a negative effect on people who are predisposed to diseases of these organs.
6
Do not chew gum and those people who haveA mercury alloy with other metals (amalgam). Frequent use of chewing gum contributes to the production of toxic mercury vapors and destroys the integrity of the seal. Scientists from Gothenburg found in people with such seals the excess amount of mercury not only in the blood, but also in the exhaled air and urine. This happens provided they chew the cud often. Mercury can destroy the nervous system, the brain and the kidneys.
7
Based on all of the above, you can dothe conclusion that it is better to chew gum from natural ingredients or use it within five minutes after eating. For health use, you can chew beeswax.
