Tip 1: What is made of cotton

Miscellaneous

Tip 1: What is made of cotton

Cotton is the oldest natural fiber,applied for different purposes, depending on the culture and the epoch of a particular country. Cotton fiber has learned to recycle and receive even since the construction of the Egyptian pyramids. The area of its application is very wide.

Cotton fabric has a number of useful properties,such as softness, lightness, harmlessness to health and excellent thermal conductivity. Therefore, cotton is still used today, if not in its pure form, and in combination with other synthetic and natural fabrics in the production of a variety of garments. There is a lot of cotton in summer clothes. Most T-shirts, summer sarafans, socks and other summer products are more than 50% cotton. Here played a role that the fact that cotton is incredibly light and able to quickly absorb and evaporate moisture. Only long cotton threads are used in the production of clothing. Shorter ones are processed further and from them excellent personal hygiene products are obtained, among which are cotton swabs, sticks, gaskets, diapers and much more, because cotton is a hygienic and natural material. Not so long ago, cotton fabric was used to manufacture artificial leather for automotive industry, and also a number of elements of automobile tires. When processing cotton, there are seeds with a so-called podpushkom. Podpushek is used in the production of plastics, photographic paper, photographic films and even paint and varnish materials. Seeds of cotton are rich in fats, so they produce oil that goes to the cosmetic industry. Even garbage when processing cotton, such as cake and husk, is not wasted. It is added to the mixed fodder for cattle, because it is rich in proteins, the total weight fraction of which exceeds 40%. In many oriental cultures and beliefs from cotton, various protective amulets are being made, saving from evil spirits, disease, poverty and failure in love. It is very easy to make such a charm, taking a handful of 27 seeds and a piece of cotton cloth. Seeds are added to the fabric and wrapped, then the cotton thread is taken, the fabric binds, and then the resulting bag is hung around the neck.

Tip 2: How to make artificial skin

There are a variety of manufacturing techniquessoft artificial leather. In general, three stages of creating this material are distinguished. First, a fibrous substrate is prepared, then polymer coatings are applied and finishes are made in the final.

First step

As an ideal fibrous base forthe creation of artificial leather use fabrics, paper, knitwear and other non-woven natural (artificial or synthetic) materials. The properties of the selected material depend on the strength of the skin, its extensibility in different directions, the possibility of draping, etc. After selecting the material, the next stage begins, which improves the quality of the future product, including imparts a greater strength to the basis.

Second phase

On the created surface, a specialcoating. It is created from solutions, dispersion of polymers, various molten substances. Filling uses a variety of technical methods and rather complex equipment that can ensure the uniformity of the application of the substance and proper fixation of the substrate on the surface of the fibers. The polymer applied by various methods can penetrate into the fibers through or remain on the surface. Quite often, in the production of artificial leather, they combine permeation with facial application of polymer coating. The porous structure of artificial leather is the result of the application of pore formation (mechanical or chemical foaming, polymer separation, perforation, sintering and others). In the polymer can add various mixtures to improve frost resistance, strength, better preservation of material properties.

The third stage

For finishing use grinding, varnishing,matting, drawing of printed drawings, stamping, etc. The resulting material can imitate natural fabrics, leather, suede. A finished product can be given any shade and even color chameleons.

Pressed leather

This material is obtained by pressingwaste from the natural leather (chrome shavings, rags, leather dust, etc.). Bonding fibers are also used for bonding, which act even better when heated. The result is a durable material with low moisture and air permeability. This is one of the main differences of artificial leather from natural. Natural skin absorbs moisture easily. Many use this to distinguish natural leather from artificial leather when buying various products (gloves, purses, bags, outerwear, etc.)