Tip 1: What did the Greek columns look like?
Tip 1: What did the Greek columns look like?
Column - Architecturally designed verticalsupport for the upper parts of the building. In the ancient Greek architecture - most often a round cross-section pillar supporting the capital. Ancient architecture is diverse, and it is not necessary to have an art education in order to distinguish the types of Greek columns.
Instructions
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Columns occupied a key place in architectureAncient Greece. The Greeks developed three architectural orders, which differed primarily in the styles of columns: Doric, Ionic and Corinthian. Any order consists of the actual column (sometimes put on the base), the stylobate, on which the columns stand, and the capitals, on which the architrave (bearing beams) is based, with a decorative frieze and a cornice.
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Doric order was formed in the era of archaism. Doric columns were decorated with vertical grooves and did not have a base, only peripter, leaning on a stylobate of three steps. The columns crowned with peculiar round "pillows" - echins. Above there were rectangular plates - abaca.
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Ionic order arose somewhat laterDoric and is characterized by great elegance and decorativism. Ionic columns are taller and thinner and rest on the base. The trunks are decorated with 24 thin slits - flutes. Above it is a capital with two characteristic curls, called volutes. From the point of view of the ancient Greeks, the Doric order embodied the idea of masculinity, and Ionic - femininity.
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The Corinthian order arose much later, in the eraclassics. The Corinthian columns are even slimmer and taller than the Ionic ones. They are certainly adorned with a four-facade chapel with two rows of acanthus leaves. The volutes that have survived from the Ionic order here are turned into exquisite stylized shoots, leaves and antennae of grapes.
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As replacements of the Doric order columns, atlant figures were often used, and as an alternative to ionic columns - caryatids (female figures).
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The ancient Greeks also had their owncolumns. These are free-standing columns depicting the votive (that is, sacred) objects. They were installed near the temples in specially designated areas.
Tip 2: What parts did the building of the Greek theater have?
Theater performances in Ancient Greeceoriginally served as a religious cult. Not far from the theaters there were often cemeteries, and in the center of the place for performances - the altar. Later, the theater began to be used as a place for awarding laurel wreaths to honorary citizens, and then for civilian representations. Until the fifth century the Greeks used mobile scaffolds, which often collapsed right during the performance. After that, the theaters became solid architectural structures.
Instructions
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The first experience of the construction of the Greek theater wasAthenian theater of Dionysus. As it looked, it is impossible to establish precisely, as the building was repeatedly rebuilt, partially destroyed and erected again. In Greece, theaters were usually built on the slopes of the hills. This significantly reduced the cost of their construction. In each theater there was space for spectators in the form of benches arranged in several tiers in a semicircle (amphitheater), a place in front of the orchestra (skena) and a level platform for actors.
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Behind the theater you can see the sea and the island of Aegina. Orchestra looked like a free playground on which the choirs were located. In the center was the altar of Dionysus and the throne of his priest. Scenes in the usual form for modern man was not. Instead, viewers saw a narrow tribune against the background of Dorian columns. If a civil festival was held in the theater, it was not decorated, but if there should be a dramatic production, then behind the platform put an easy partition with a door. Hanging decorations were hung on the partition, and actors could pass through the door. All the mise-en-scenes were conditional, and the scenery is quite primitive.
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In the Roman era, the location of the choir changed. Now he was on the rostrum, and the audience could watch the performances from the orhestra site. Naturally, the width of the rostrum increased. The theater became such a popular entertainment that the altar was liquidated. To improve the audibility of the voices of the choir and the actors, the wall of the arjetsenna began to be made more high.
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In the ancient Greek theaters there were curtains. Scientists suggest that they were hollow rods that easily entered one into the other. The rods were fastened in a special groove in front of the proscenium and, if necessary, were put forward. It is possible that the fabric curtain on the rods closed the scene only from the audience sitting in the forefront.
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To improve the acoustic properties of the scene inMany theaters (for example, in Arles and Pompeii) had depressions in the form of a concave reflector. The doors at the rear of the stage were arranged so that the voice sounded more booming. During the performance, actors repeatedly turned to them to amplify the sound. In order to improve acoustics, the Greeks came up with another "trick". From under the benches (in those theaters where they were static) they removed the array, and instead of it became vases that served as resonators. And such vases were caught and made only the main sounds in the musical accompaniment. This is due to a special music storehouse in which the notes of the tetrachord (4-note accords) are harmoniously arranged in order of their significance. Acoustic vases have not been used everywhere. The specialists found that they often found application in the theater of Aizani and the Sagunta Theater.
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Classical Greek theaters are considered to be:- Theater in Epidaurus - Theater of Geronea (places for citizens were carved into the rock) - Theater in Delphi (its main feature is a mobile tribune) - Theater in Syracuse (above the benches of the upper row there was a waterfall). In addition, in Greece there were and covered "odeons" - small theaters, intended for chamber productions.
Tip 3: How to weave a Greek pigtail
The Greek spit is a very simple andA stylish hairstyle that has recently become the most popular. The process of weaving the Greek braid is very similar to the process of weaving the French pigtail, only the braid is woven around the head. This hairstyle is not without reason received the name of "Greek spit", because it looks like a Greek laurel wreath. At the same time, you can braid a Greek braid on almost any hair.
You will need
- - comb
- - hair styler
- - hairpins or invisible hair
Instructions
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Before you start to braid the Greek braid, wash your hair very well. After that, apply any styling agent on them and dry the hair a little.
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Comb your hair and select a strand over the left earhair, now you can proceed to the braiding of the braid. The Greek pigtail is padded just like the most common spikelet. Before beginning braiding pigtails, if you have thin hair, make a small haircut to the roots of the hair, to give them a certain amount. This is not an obligatory procedure. After combing, once again brush your hair with a massage brush, so that the hair in the braid does not look shaggy. Weave the beginning of the upper part - divide the hair into three small strands. If you want to do more pigtail, take strands of a greater thickness or vice versa. Weave 3 strands as usual pigtail. The technology is simple: twist the right strand from the middle, then twist the left strand also from the middle.
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Next, start grabbing new strands of hair. With your right thumb, grab a small strand from below, pull this strand to the right main (the very first) strand. At this time, hold the base, consisting of left and middle strands, with your left hand. Twist the resulting large right hair strand with the middle strand of the base.
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Now repeat the same with strands that areare on the right side. With your left thumb, grab a small strand and attach it to the left strand from the base. Twist the resulting large left strand with the middle one. Repeat the process of weaving until the braid reaches the level of the ear.
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Secure pigtail hairpin or hairpin for the right ear. At the same time, the Greek braid should be hidden under your hair.
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The plaiting of the Greek spit can always be slightly modified, for example, braid from the center of the head two pigtails, hiding the tips under the hair or fixing the ends of braids over the dissolved hair.
Tip 4: Who is called and who created the main temple of the Athenian Acropolis
The ensemble of the Acropolis of Athens - the largestan architectural monument of Greek classics. Even dilapidated, he still looks majestic today. The center of the ensemble is the grandiose Parthenon - a temple dedicated to the patroness of the city of Athena.
5 century BC. became the most famous period in the history of ancient Greece. It was then, in an era that was called classical, Greek art reached its peak. The most culturally cultivated and prosperous city was Athens. The religious and social center in it was the Acropolis - a large oblong hill on which temples were built from ancient times.
