Tip 1: Physics as a fundamental science
Tip 1: Physics as a fundamental science
Physics is a science that studies the fundamental laws of the material world, describing, through laws, the properties and motion of matter, the phenomena of nature and its structure.
Instructions
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Fundamental science (in the general sense) isscience describing the surrounding world with the help of theoretical and experimental research of scientific phenomena. Since ancient times, scientists have been interested in the occurrence of such natural phenomena as thunder, lightning, etc. This gave rise to physics, as a science that requires scientific evidence and experiments. Physics is based on facts that require experimental evidence and are written mathematically. Nowadays physics is divided into 3 sections: macroscopic physics, microscopic physics and physics, combined with other sciences.
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Macroscopic physics includes: mechanics, which studies the mechanical motion of material bodies and the interaction that takes place in this process; thermodynamics, studying the properties of macroscopic systems in a state of thermal equilibrium; optics, which studies the laws of light and electromagnetic waves; electrodynamics, explaining the nature and properties of electromagnetic fields.
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Microscopic physics includes atomic,Statistical, quantum, nuclear physics, as well as the physics of condensed matter and elementary particles. Atomic physics studies atoms, their structure, properties, processes occurring at the atomic level. Statistical physics is devoted to the study of systems with an infinite number of degrees of freedom.
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The beginning of quantum physics was given by quantum lawsMechanics and quantum field theory, which allow us to study the properties of quantum-mechanical and quantum-field systems. Nuclear physics is a science that studies nuclear reactions, the structure and properties of atomic nuclei. Condensed matter physics studies the behavior of systems with large degrees of freedom and strong coupling. The physics of elementary particles, or subnuclear physics, is devoted to elementary particles, their properties and interactions.
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Physics can also come into close contact with otherssciences, such as geology, mathematics, biology, chemistry, etc. There also appeared astrophysics, developed at the junction of astronomy and physics, studying the physical phenomena of astronomical objects; Computational physics, mathematically solving the problems of physics; biophysics, devoted to physical processes in biological systems; geophysics, which studies the structure of the Earth by physical methods and many other branches.
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All these sections constitute physics, making ita fundamental science of nature and phenomena, without which in our time can not do. On the laws of physics, our whole world is built, technology and electronics are being developed, cities are being built.
Tip 2: The importance of physics as a fundamental science
Natural science originates in natural philosophy,which was a speculative discipline dealing with the interpretation of natural phenomena. Gradually, within the framework of the philosophy of nature, an experimental direction developed based on verifiable data on the structure of matter and the structure of matter. So there was physics - a fundamental science that determines the level of development of modern natural science.
Instructions
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Physics, being a fundamental scientificdiscipline, studies the simplest and most general properties and patterns of the development of matter. The general nature of knowledge about reality puts physics at the center of the entire system of natural sciences. Other fundamental and applied disciplines arise at the intersection of physics and other sciences: chemistry, biology, geography, astronomy, and so on.
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Forms of matter and the types of its movement are differentvariety. In accordance with this fact, physics is divided into a number of separate disciplines, within the framework of which they study the nature of elementary particles, atoms, molecules, solids, gases, liquids and plasmas. There is no insurmountable border between the departments of physics, they are all interconnected, which is due to the unity of all the material processes taking place in nature.
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Albert Einstein, one of the greatest scientistsof the last century, speaking of physics as a fundamental science, pointed to its invaluable role in the discovery of the most general elementary laws, the knowledge of which makes it possible in a logical way to derive an integral picture of the world. The acquisition of knowledge in physics comes from the simplest and the most general to the more complex, from abstract concepts to the more detailed and objective properties of things.
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The simplest elements of the universe -elementary particles, atoms, molecules and fields. Scientists refer to the most general categories describing the material world, space and time, energy, mass and motion. Approaching the comprehension of the deep essence of the phenomena of reality makes it possible to compile a holistic and precise idea of how the world is organized at each of its levels. This is exactly what physics does.
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Physical laws become the basis forthe derivation of more general laws, to which all forms of the motion of matter are subordinated. The validity of the propositions that are formulated within the framework of physics can be verified experimentally. The conclusions of this fundamental science are confirmed in the conditions of the Earth, within the solar system and throughout the vast universe. This testifies to the universal nature of physical laws.
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Physics continues to occupy a leading position insystem of natural sciences. Theoretical knowledge is the basis for the formation and development of applied and related disciplines, the purpose of which is not only to obtain abstract information about the nature of the universe, but also to address the pressing issues facing the individual in his daily, scientific and industrial activities.
