Tip 1: Why does the electrician have a phase and zero

The science

Tip 1: Why does the electrician have a phase and zero

The words "phase", "zero", "grounding" someone remembers from the course of school physics. But to explain in practice why the electrical circuit has a phase and zero is complicated. Try to understand the question.

Why there is a phase in the electrician and a zero

To understand the basics of electricians, it is not necessaryto go deep into the technical details of the electrical circuit. It is sufficient to know the methods of transfer of electric current, which are single-phase or three-phase. A three-phase network is when electricity is supplied by three wires, and one more must go back to the source of current, which can be a transformer, an electric meter. A single-phase network is when electricity is supplied by one wire, and the other goes back to the power source. Such a system is called an electrical circuit, and its foundations are taught in physics lessons. Remember - the electrical circuit consists of a source, consumers, connecting wires and other elements. In any current source, "positively and negatively charged particles" work. They accumulate at different poles of the source, one of which becomes positive and the other negative. If the poles of the source are connected, an electric current arises. Under the action of electrostatic force, the particles acquire motion only in one direction. First, consider an example of a single-phase network: an apartment in which electricity is supplied to the kettle, microwave oven, washing machine by one wire, and back to the power source by another wire. If such a circuit is opened, then there will be no electricity. A wire that supplies a current is called a phase or phase, and the wire through which the current returns is zero or zero. If the network is three-phase, electricity will flow through three wires, and return the same one at a time. Three-phase networks are more often in houses of country type. If one wire is opened in such a network, then the current will remain in the other phases. That is, the phase in the electrician is the wire that feeds the current from the power source, and zero is the wire that draws the current back to the power source. If the current does not provide a constant circuit - there were accidents on the line, there was a break in the wires, then, the devices can simply stop working or burn out from overvoltage in the electrical network. In an electrician, this phenomenon is called a "skew phase". If zero breaks, the voltage can change both in the largest and the smallest side.

Tip 2: How to become an electrician

Nowadays, when almost any structureequipped with at least a simple electrical wiring, the profession of an electrician is very in demand, so more and more entrants are set to receive this profession.

Education

Minimum basic education to startTeaching the profession of an electrician is an incomplete secondary education. This means that to begin the training of this profession it is necessary to graduate at least 9 classes of secondary school. Find a specialty "electrician" can be in the technical school, vocational college or college of almost any Russian city of regional importance. There are also special training centers that provide training for specialists in this area.

Personal qualities

Despite the apparent availability of receiptthis profession, it's not so easy to become a good electrician. You need to have a technical mindset, be able to work with your hands and think logically. Also, in view of the high traumatic risk of occupations, a potential electrician should be neat and able to concentrate well during work.

Electrical safety groups and discharges

Upon completion of the course of study in the specialty"Electrician" student, depending on the fullness of the training course and the results of passing the final exam, gets either the second or third qualification rank. There are six discharges for electricians, there are also five so-called tolerance groups (electrical safety groups). Do not confuse the discharge of the electrician with the electrical group. The discharge shows the qualification of an electrician, then how difficult a job in his field he is able to perform. The admission group, in turn, shows the level of danger an employee can handle. The greater the discharge and the tolerance group has an electrician, the more demanded and the higher the salary that the employer can offer him.

Identity card

According to the results of the final tests, electriciansissued a special certificate of the electrician, which indicates the assigned to him group on electrical safety and also an assessment of his qualifications on a five-point scale. Qualification of the electrician must be confirmed every five years, in addition, it is possible to conduct an extraordinary qualification check, for example, in order to increase the discharge and (or) the group on electrical safety. It should be noted that an electrician with a 2-5 tolerance group must carry a certificate when carrying out work corresponding to this range of groups.

Tip 3: How to hang a chandelier

In order to to hang a chandelier, you do not need to have special professional skills. However, you still need basic knowledge of household electricians.

First, check if you have everything you need to to hang a chandelier. First, you must have a stepladder oranother stable support. In addition, you will need some tools: pliers, pliers, screwdriver with a voltage indicator, screwdriver with a narrow sting and mounting clamps (the so-called "frogs"). Do not forget to also make sure that the room is sufficiently well lit, because you can not use lighting devices during operation. It is highly desirable to stock up a flashlight before starting work.

Chandeliers are usually hung on pre-preparedhook. It must be carefully wrapped with electrical tape or other non-permeable material. It is advisable to apply an electrical tape in at least two layers - to eliminate the uncoated surface. Be sure to check the instructions for your lighting device and make sure that its use does not require a mandatory grounding. Otherwise it will be necessary to ground it.

Now we must begin to de-energizepremises. To do this, turn off the circuit-breaker on the electrical meter, and check the lack of voltage in the network with a screwdriver-indicator. On the ceiling there should be three ends of the wire (two ends - "phase", and one end - "zero"). The "zero" tip will subsequently be directed to the junction box, and the "phase" ends to the switch. All three ends are cleaned (at least 3-4 mm of wire should be bare) and divorced so that they do not come in contact.

Now we need to determine which of theendings are "phase", and which is "zero". To do this, we transfer the circuit breaker to the on position and check the ends of the wires with a screwdriver-indicator. On those wires, where there will be a "phase", the lamp will light up, at "zero" the same - no. It is advisable to mark the wires so as not to confuse them later. It should be noted that modern wires do not need to be checked for phasing: they have mandatory marking. Wires with a "phase" are marked with a black-brown, and "zero" wires with a blue color.

The same marking can be used for wireschandeliers. Otherwise, the phase conductivity of the wires is checked as follows. The two wires are connected to the outlet. Some of the lamps should light up, we mark the wires, which at that moment were connected to the network. Now we change one of the wires to the third one. In case the second part of the lamps caught fire, the first wire is "zero", and the second and third (which were interchanged) are "phase". If the lamps do not light up, then the wire taken from the socket is "zero".

Now you can start installing the chandelier. It itself is hung on the hook, and its "zero" wire is connected to the "zero" wire on the ceiling. "Phase" wires are also connected to each other. Checking the work of the chandelier for turning on and off, you can screw the protective cap, which closes the connected wires.

As you can see, it's quite easy to hang a chandelier with your own hands.