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Instructions

1

For the first time the settlement on the site of the present Samaramentioned in Arabic sources. Ahmed ibn-Fadlan, who was the secretary of the Baghdad embassy in Bulgaria, crossed the Volga at the mouth of the Samara River in 921 and stayed in a small settlement in this place.

2

It is believed that the name of Samara came fromthe name of the river at the mouth of which it is located. In turn, on the origin of the name of the river, there are different theories: - from the Arabic "samur" - otter - from the Mongolian "Samar" - nut - in translation from the Turkic "samara" means the steppe river.

3

In Russian sources, Samara is first mentioned in1354 year. This year the Metropolitan of Kiev visited the Horde, and on the way there passed a settlement in the mouth of the Samara River. In the annals there is his saying that he foresaw the glorious history of this place.

4

In 1367, in Italy, a map appeared on whichmarked the marina of Samara. The map was compiled by the brothers Pitsigano - Italian merchants, who explored the possibilities of trade on the Volga. A hundred years later, in 1459, the wharf of Samara appeared on an Italian map.

5

In 1586, Tsar Feodor Ioannovich issued a decree oncreation of a pier-fortress at the mouth of the Samara River. Since after Ivan the Terrible his son Fyodor Ioannovich ruled only nominally, and the real ruler of the state was Boris Godunov, it can be considered just the founder of Samara.

6

Originally, the fortress was called SamaraThe town, to supervise its construction was sent to Grigory Zasekin, the royal voivode, who after Samara also laid Saratov, Tsaritsyn and Astrakhan. The fortress Samara provided a quiet trade on the Volga, after its foundation it became possible to transport cargo from Astrakhan to Kazan and back, without fear of nomads. The fortress was located at the place where the grain area is now located in Samara.

7

A hundred years after its founding in 1688, Samara received the status of a city. It became the center of support for the development of the Urals and Siberia.

Tip 2: How did the "Zhigulevskoe" beer

Today "Zhigulevskoe" beer is the mostpopular and recognizable brand. Beer with this name is produced at many enterprises in Russia and the countries of the former USSR. And where did this name come from, why exactly "Zhigulevskoe" and not "Volga" or "Don" beer became a symbol of the USSR?

The history of this popular brandbegan in 1880, when in Samara province it was decided to allocate a place for the construction of a brewery on the bank of the Volga. Austrian Alfred von Wakano began construction on a large scale. The lease period was 99 years. The scale of construction is evidenced by the fact that later in this brewery, the first power station in Samara was built.

In 1881 beer production began. Alfred von Wakano called it "Vienna", it subsequently became "Zhigulevsky". Business at the enterprise was not bad. In the first year, the brewery produced 75,000 buckets of intoxicating beverage, and by the beginning of the First World War, the plant's products were supplied to 60 cities of the Russian Empire and the enterprise's productivity increased to 2,500,000 buckets per year.

The plant was called "Zhigulevsky", but beerthis name was not produced here. After the revolution of 1917 the enterprise was nationalized, and Alfred von Wakano left for his historic homeland.

Zhigulevsky brewery became one of thelargest enterprises in the USSR. It is believed that the name "Zhigulevskoe" was invented by the People's Commissar of Food Industry Anastas Mikoyan, who in 1934 visited the enterprise and expressed his bewilderment: why Samara produces "Viennese" beer. It was then that beer produced at this plant, and began to be called "Zhigulevsky." In the USSR this name has gained immense popularity. "Zhigulevskoe" beer brewed more than 700 breweries in the country.

Council 3: How in the Saratov region detained a batch of illegal sheep

August 15, 2012 in the Saratov region wasA car carrying several dozen sheep was detained. The carrier did not have the necessary veterinary and accompanying documents, so the car was detained.

Transportation of farm animals shouldshall be carried out in compliance with all requirements of veterinary legislation and regulatory legal acts in force in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. In particular, documents must be properly drawn up that allow to determine the belonging of the animals being transported. In addition, the animal carrier is obliged to know and comply with the regulations in force in the regions through which the livestock is transported. According to the veterinary department of the Government of the Saratov region, on August 15, at about 15.30 in the Rivne district near the village of Kochetnoye on the route Samara-Pugachev-Volgograd, a car carrying 64 sheep. The driver did not have the necessary documents to identify the species and territorial origin of animals, as well as their veterinary status. He could not have submitted documents about the epizootic state of the place from which the car was moving. All the sheep population was impersonal, that is, did not have any identification numbers. In this situation, the DPS officers had no choice but to detain the car. The carrier violated not only the rules for the registration of transported animals, but also some others - in particular, the car with the sheep drove through the Volgograd region, in a number of regions, which operates quarantine for the African plague, export of animals and products of animal origin. The spread of the plague to other regions can lead to multi-million losses, therefore all agricultural producers are obliged to comply with quarantine rules. Illegal import of animals into the territory of the Saratov region was succeeded to be stopped. What will happen to the delayed cargo? "Smuggled" sheep will be returned to the place of dispatch, and their owner will be fined for violating the rules for the transportation of livestock.