What is a presidential-parliamentary republic

What is a presidential-parliamentary republic



Most modern states haverepublican form of government. The Republic, on the other hand, is divided into parliamentary and presidential ones. There are so-called mixed forms of government. These include the presidential-parliamentary republic.





Russia is a presidential-parliamentary republic

















Presidential republic

The presidential republic is a form of government,in which all the levers of government are concentrated in the hands of the president. Moreover, the head of state can also be the head of the government, that is, be responsible for both executive and legislative power in the country. In the presidential republic, the head of state is elected, as a rule, by universal suffrage. The president has no right to dissolve the parliament, but at the same time the parliament has the right to remove the president from power. The government in this form of state structure, as a rule, is formed by the head of state. Examples of presidential republics are the United States and most of Africa.

Parliamentary republic

In the parliamentary republic, the main role inthe country is governed by the parliament and the prime minister, the head of the legislative body. The president, with this form of government, is endowed with a number of powers, but he can carry out politically important actions only after the approval of the parliament. The government is formed by the parliamentary way, that is, from among the leaders of the parties, who received the majority of votes in the law-making body. The leader of the ruling party becomes, as a rule, the chairman of the government. In some countries, the prime minister is appointed by the president. In some republics, ministers must also be deputies, in some - on the contrary, and in a number of countries, representatives of the executive are themselves deciding whether to assume the functions of legislators. Examples of parliamentary republics are Italy, Germany, Turkey and other countries.

Presidential-parliamentary republic

This form of government is also called mixed,semi-presidential or semi-parliamentary, since it combines the features of the political way of both the presidential and parliamentary republics. So, the president in the republic of mixed type is elected by popular vote. At the same time, he can not form a government alone. Candidatures of the Prime Minister and some key ministers proposed by the head of state are approved by parliamentarians. The government, headed by the prime minister, is under the overall leadership of the president, the head of state has the right to dissolve the government. In the same way, the parliament can pass a vote of no confidence to the government of the president and demand his resignation. Thus, in a presidential-parliamentary republic, the government can work only if it has the support of a parliamentary majority. This form of government is the Russian Federation, Finland, Kyrgyzstan, and others.