Who discovered the South Pole
Who discovered the South Pole
Since the first discovery of the South Polethis land attracted many researchers and travelers, but it was not destined to get to the "border of the planet". The main cause of the death of the expeditions was the imperfect equipment and the considerable remoteness of Antarctica from developed countries that could afford such scientific research.
Instructions
1
The average temperature at the South Pole ison the order of -48 ° C, and in 1983 the lowest temperature in -89 ° C was recorded. The thickness of the ice is 2800-3200 meters. The sun in the Antarctic for six months constantly shines and quite strongly emits ultraviolet radiation, which can lead to burns of the eyes and skin with constant exposure; During the next six months there is a polar night, and the sun is generally not visible above the horizon.
2
The first attempts to open the Earth's South Pole wereundertaken in 1722 by Russian travelers F. Bellingshausen and M. Lazarev, who reached the coast of the Antarctic, but could not overcome another 300 kilometers to the South Pole.
3
In 1841 the English traveler D. Ross opened a glacier in the Antarctic, but could not reach the South Pole either, having completed his journey at 77 degrees south latitude. In 1907, the English traveler E. Shackleton made an attempt to reach the pole, but because of a lack of food he was forced to go back.
4
In 1902, the Englishman Robert Scott triedto reach the pole, but his first expedition collapsed, and the second Terra incognita, although successful, did not bring joy to the traveler, for, having landed on the Ross glacier in January 1911 and reached the pole, he discovered that he was ahead of the Norwegian group. On the way back in 1912, both Scott and his whole team died from exhaustion.
5
A successful attempt to open the South Pole tooka traveler from Norway, Rual Amundsen, who on December 14, 1911, was able to reach the pole and confirm it by appropriate calculations of geographical coordinates using special instruments.
6
R. Amundsen on the ship "Fram" in January 1911 reached the Whaling Bay of Antarctica, with four like-minded people landed there and on dog sleds continued his journey, which was crowned with success. His name went down in history as a man who first visited and discovered the South Pole of the Earth. In order to reach the pole, R. Amundsen prepared and correctly calculated the route and plan of his expedition. He used Eskimo dogs, which if necessary could give up to 25 kg of meat and save the members of the expedition from hunger.
7
Successful development of aircraft construction allowedfrom the air in 1929. This was a real breakthrough, because scientists have received data on fresh water reserves on the planet, on the volume of ice and actually about the borders of Antarctica. The flight of American Byrd allowed the deployment of a first research station in the glaciers in several years.
