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Instructions

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The Sea of ​​Marmara was formed as a result of a faultthe Earth's crust, which divided Europe, Asia and Africa. This happened about 2.5 million years ago. Now the territory of the Marmara Sea is located in a seismically active region, where earthquakes sometimes occur.

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The shores of this small sea are steep anddismembered, along them there are several mountain ranges. The bottom forms three basins, and more than half of the area is the coastal strip, where the depth varies from 90 to 100 m. The salinity of the Sea of ​​Marmara is uneven, in its indices it approaches the Mediterranean at depth, but at the surface it is more like the Black Sea.

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The Sea of ​​Marmara is incontinental-Mediterranean region of the subtropical climatic zone. In the warm season here dominates the continental tropical air. The warmest months are July and August, the average monthly temperature is 25-28 ° C, in open areas of the sea it does not fall below 12-15 ° C.

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Summer in this region is hot and clear weatherwith a relatively weak wind. In autumn the wind speed increases, cyclones come, humidity rises. The fauna of the Sea of ​​Marmara is close in its species composition to the Mediterranean, with commercial fish - mackerel, mackerel, anchovy and others.

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Since the Marmara Sea is small in size andis sufficiently far from the ocean, the tides are practically not expressed, and the level change does not exceed a few centimeters. The fluctuations associated with atmospheric processes are also small, annual changes in the level are almost not felt in the open sea and coastal areas.

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Small sizes of Marmara Sea and weak windsIt is caused by unrest of a small force, it sometimes happens to be stormy. The strongest disturbances occur in the winter, as a rule, they are covered by the southwestern part. The height of the waves reaches 1-1.5 m, during short-term storms - several meters. In the summer, the winds are weak, with their amplification the waves increase to 1 m, which occurs most often in the eastern regions.

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It is assumed that the sea got its namebecause of the island of Marmara, it produced white marble. The Marmara Sea left a special mark in Greek culture, its waters were plowed by the legendary Argonauts, it became the arena of the Scythian War.

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The Sea of ​​Marmara region is one of the mostdensely populated in Turkey, there is developed industry, trade and tourism. Stable interest of tourists is caused by its saturation with cultural objects. However, such attention is not always useful, unfortunately, the sea is rather polluted.

Tip 2: Which is the smallest ocean

The smallest ocean in the world is rightfully recognizedArctic. It is located between North America and Eurasia. Despite its small area, the Arctic Ocean is rich in islands. By their number, it ranks second after the Pacific Ocean.

Interesting information

The depth of the Arctic Ocean is comparativelysmall, but it is surrounded by a lot of ice and a harsh climate. It should be noted that in winter, more than 80% of its surface is submerged under ice. Currents and winds contribute to the fact that the ice massifs are gradually compressed, forming ice cables or piles. The height of such cables often reaches ten meters. From the coasts of Eurasia to North America, in the center of the Arctic, is the water area of ​​this ocean. The Arctic Ocean is rightfully considered the smallest. By area, it occupies about 14.7 million square meters. km. This figure is approximately 4% of the total area of ​​the World Ocean. The deepest depression in the Arctic Ocean is in the Greenland Sea, its depth is 5527 m.

Description of the Arctic Ocean

The waters of the Arctic Ocean border onthe waters of the Pacific and the Atlantic Ocean. Scientists expressed the opinion that this reservoir could be considered one of the seas of the Atlantic Ocean. The Arctic Ocean is of great importance for the planet, as its waters warm huge spaces in the Northern Hemisphere. It should be noted that the waters of this ocean are washed by only a small number of countries. Among them - the two most significant in the world on the territory - Canada and Russia. About 45% of the area of ​​the bottom of the Arctic Ocean is occupied by continental shelves. In these areas, the depth reaches only 350 m. Located on the coast of Eurasia, the submarine margin of the continent stopped at a value of 1300 m. If you study the central part of the ocean, you can note several deeper pits. Their depth sometimes reaches 5000 m. Similar trenches are divided into transoceanic ridges - Mendeleev, Gakkel, Lomonosov. The salinity of the Arctic Ocean and its water temperature vary with location and depth. As a rule, in the upper layers the salinity is slightly lowered, since the main water composition is influenced by river runoff and meltwater. The Arctic Ocean is characterized by a rather severe climate. This is due to the shortage of solar heat and its geographical location. In addition, the Arctic Ocean has a huge impact on the climatic conditions of the Arctic and its hydrodynamics. Scientists, travelers and seafarers have been trying for decades to explore and conquer the Arctic Ocean. But the Arctic with its severe and harsh climate does not reveal to people all its secrets and secrets.