Tip 1: Which steel is used for what?

The science

Tip 1: Which steel is used for what?

Steel today is widely used in manufacturingdevices, tools, machine parts, aircraft, building structures. Such popularity was obtained thanks to a complex of mechanical, physical-chemical and technological properties.

Instructions

Methods of steel production have changed andperfected over the centuries. Today, the converter and electric steel-smelting methods remain truly relevant, the special open-hearth furnace reflects the past.

Steel has many brands, but there are twoThe main categories are elite alloy steel, which includes one or more elements, such as nickel, chromium, molybdenum. and conventional carbonaceous, in which there are no any improving additives.

Alloyed steel is the queen of technological progress. In the production of such a steel in the raw materials are added elements that give the final material special properties, physical or chemical.

Of steel with the addition of molybdenum is still JapaneseThe samurai made amazingly sharp, durable swords. Today, for the manufacture of knives for different purposes, vanadium additives are used, and production shafts, bolts for complex fixings, gears for the units are made of steel with the addition of chromium. Special additives and additional hardening make it possible to create from alloy steels a cutting tool designed for high-speed work in production.

Most often in industry are usedTool marks of alloyed steels for the manufacture of various types of rolled metal or specialized tools for processing metal products both in the cooled state and at high temperatures (cutters, drills, disks, molds).

Special high-alloy types of steel with manyspecial additives are used in aircraft and shipbuilding, in the manufacture of steam boilers, since such material has increased heat resistance, resistance to external influences and is not susceptible to corrosion.

Of the steel of improved quality, many details of the car are made, and the usual foodstuff stainless steel from which modern tableware is made is also a kind of this material.

Carbon steel. Quite inexpensive production has led to widespread use of this type of steel in everyday life, when manufacturing a tool that has moderate loads. It is made of carbon steel made of reinforced concrete structures, nets and fences, nails, screws, wire for different purposes.

Water pipes, for which alsoused a similar metal, in recent years have been actively replaced by more modern options. Unfortunately, this kind of steel has become rusty and needs care and special treatment. But this material is easy to weld and is widely used in construction.

Tip 2: Wristwatches - what you need to know?

Wrist watch has long ceased to be justa device for determining time. Now this accessory is able to tell a lot about not only the taste preferences of a person, but also about his financial well-being and position in society. When making a purchase, it is important to understand how some models differ from others and which brands are predominant and reference.

As for the mechanisms, there are 3 different versions:

Mechanical. The most common mechanism for wrist watches, is divided into those that need to be summed up independently, and to automatic options.
Quartz.This option on batteries has its advantages: accuracy and independence in operation. The main thing - do not forget to change the battery in time.
Digital. Such a mechanism is common in sports models.

There are various materials that are used in the manufacture of watches.

Gold.Used for making luxury watches and higher. More democratic options - a gold-plated watch or a gold dial with a leather strap.
Silver. Also belongs to the luxury class, however, it is much cheaper.
Titanium. Ideal material for everyday wear due to its lightness, strength and democratic value.
Stainless steel. One of the most common materials for manufacturing budget models of watches.
Rubber housing. Used in sports style watches.

Manufacturers of watches can be divided into 4 categories:

Major League - Exclusive design, best materials, limited edition (Alain Silberstein, Franck Muller, Blancpain).
Luxury class - high-quality materials, stylish design, cost 1 000 - 20 000 $ (Rolex, Omega, Cartier).
Prestigious - a good mechanism, classic or modern design, gold, stainless steel, the price does not exceed $ 2,000 (Oris, Epos, Fortis).
Pseudolux - good quality, an acceptable value from $ 500 (Tag Heuer, Baume & Mercier, Raymond Weil).

Like any item that is purchased withCalculation for long-term use for many years, wristwatches should be chosen carefully and consciously. Nowadays it is possible to determine the time on the mobile phone, and the clock, like no other accessory, can tell a lot about its owner. Therefore, you should not spare money and buy cheap models of Chinese manufacturers or fakes of well-known brands.

Tip 3: Which sole of the iron is better

When choosing an iron, it is necessary to take into account the type of ironsoles. Since it affects the convenience during ironing, the final result and the durability of the technique itself. Only a device with a good sole can turn the ironing process into real pleasure.

The sole of the iron

The main goal of all scientific research onThe creation of a sole for the iron is to reduce friction during ironing and protect the sole itself from damage that may occur, for example, due to buttons or buttons. In general, the sole of the iron should evenly distribute heat. As a material, manufacturers usually use stainless steel, aluminum or cermets.

Types of soles of iron

Aluminum sole for iron is used verylong. Its main advantage is its low weight and high thermal conductivity. These properties make the iron very light and manoeuvrable. Heating of this material takes place instantaneously and it cools down just as quickly. In addition, the price for such a device with an aluminum coating of the sole is rather small. The disadvantages of this material is that it is easily deformable, and its sole is quickly covered with scratches due to lightning or other details of finish on things encountered during ironing. It can also be attributed to the fact that after ironing with an aluminum sole, there are bright marks on the clothes, because of which the housewives have to additionally apply gauze or other materials. Despite all the disadvantages, aluminum continues to be used in the production of irons, but in the struggle to improve its properties, the material is repeatedly subjected to processing and uses additional coatings. The stainless sole of irons is today considered to be one of the most common, because this material is most acceptable, both for its performance characteristics and for the price category. Stainless steel, which is used for the manufacture of soles, makes them durable and resistant to damage. Many manufacturers by means of alloys and sputtering began to improve the properties of materials. For example, one firm began to produce irons with a sapphire sole. This was achieved by specialists using a sapphire powder, which was applied to stainless steel. As a result, they have achieved a good slip, lasting coverage, which no buttons, lightning bolts and even rivets are afraid of. Ceramics as a material for the sole of an iron, is already used by several companies. They believe that this material is easy to slide, does not hide clothing when moving the iron back and at the same time it is very easy to clean. However, it is necessary to handle this material carefully, since any chip or small scratch will add problems when ironing things.

What kind of iron to choose

First, when choosing an iron, it is necessary to convertattention to some functions. For example, if you do not want to walk in a peppery coat, you'll need an iron with vertical steaming; if you often wear and wash jeans or other things from cotton, flax, for you, an irreplaceable mode in the iron is a "turbo". Pay attention also to the power of the iron and the material of the sole, it is better if it is ceramics.