Tip 1: How sledding became an Olympic sport
Tip 1: How sledding became an Olympic sport
A rare Russian fairy tale, the action of whichoccurs in the winter, does without the ancient folk fun - skating with an ice slide on the sled. In the XX century this traditional entertainment turned into a professional winter discipline. And 50 years ago, tobogganing became part of the Olympic program. Replacing in it another sledge discipline - skeleton.
Instructions
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Existing for a long time idle orSolemn riding on wooden sleds-wagons with iron runners began to turn into a sport around the middle of the XIX century. Its founders were several nameless Britons, who decided to leave one of the alpine hills on a sleigh.
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By the way, the Alps, especially German and Austrian,in which there was an unofficial arrival of a group of English gentlemen, eventually turned into a real Mecca for sled makers. Even the first Olympic competitions, held half a century ago, were held on the Alpine track in the Austrian Innsbruck.
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In professional language, luge means"Competitions for downhill on single or double sleds along a previously laid ice track". In 2014, another kind appeared - the team relay race. The participants of the races lie on their backs and legs forward, and this is the main difference between the sleigh and the related skeleton. In it, the athlete travels along the chute head first and face down.
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Managed sled only with the help of certainBody movements. Or, in the case of doubles, two bodies that change the trajectory of descent. Such apparent simplicity is often even a matter of jokes. For example, the track in the Olympic Sochi is called quite lightly for a professional sports facility - "Sankey".
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In the official Olympic program lugecame relatively recently - in 1964. Replacing, thanks to the good will of the International Olympic Committee, a "related" skeleton. But the debut holiday turned out to be quite sad. On the eve of the first race on an alpine sledge-bobsleigh track, one of the sportsmen, a Briton Kazimierz Kay-Skjipeski, crashed.
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Again, defend my view of the President of the Internationalthe federation of tobogganing Austrian Bert Isatish was not without difficulty. The first champion in Innsbruck-64 was the representative of Germany Thomas Keller. The situation did not change too much in the next half century. Most of the Olympic medals in the sleigh are still won by representatives of the alpine countries - Germany, Austria and Italy.
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Soviet athletes-lugers first andThe only gold won in 1980 in Lake Placid. The Olympic champion was then Vera Zozulya. In Russia, this sport began to develop in 1910. A separate team of Russian Olympians made their debut in 1994. Albert Demchenko, the owner of three silver Olympic medals (2006, 2014), is the most titled among domestic masters of tobogganing.
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As for the skeleton, which at first succumbed to itsOlympic place sleigh, and later returned to the program of the Games, then his path to a great sport, he began in 1892. It was then that an Englishman named Child, and designed a sports sleigh, later called "skeleton."
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Competition number 1 on the extreme downhill from the mountainUpside down in 1905 in Austria. In 23 years, the skeleton made its debut at the II Winter Olympics in St. Moritz. The first champion was the American Jennison Heaton, ahead of including his brother John.
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It is curious that the second Olympic tournamentskeletonists held in 1948, and again in St. Moritz. After fifteen years, the skeleton was expelled from the Olympic "family". His place at the Olympics-64 was given to luge sports. Finally, at the 2002 Games in Salt Lake City, the second Olympic return took place. Perhaps, the final one.
Tip 2: What sports will be at the Olympics in 2018
From 9 to 25 February 2018 in the Korean cityPhenchkhan will host the XXIII Winter Olympics. It will feature 15 sports disciplines from 7 traditional winter sports. Compared with the Sochi Olympics, held in 2014, the number of sets of awards to be played, remained unchanged.
Instructions
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3 sets of medals will be played inCompetitions in bobsleigh. It is believed that this sport was invented in Switzerland in the late XIX century. Initially, a team of three men and two women was to descend on the sleigh. Subsequently, the crews consisted of 2, 4, 5 or 8 people. In Austria, bobsleigh competitions began in 1908, and in Germany two years later. Since 1924, the world championships in bobsled. In the same year, this sport was included in the program of the Winter Olympic Games.
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2 sets of awards at the Phenchang OlympicsPlay in the skeleton. Athletes will have to descend several times on the ice channel on a special sleigh, trying to show the best time. History says that the skeleton appeared in the 16th century. Then the Indians of Canada descended from the mountains on tobogganah - a wooden sleigh without runners. As a sport skeleton took shape in the middle of the XIX century, when British tourists competed, who would descend faster on the slopes of the Alpine mountains on a sleigh. For the first time at the Olympic Games, the skeleton was introduced in 1928, then in 1948. Such a large gap is due to the presence in the world of only one specialized route. The third time the Olympic skate competitions were held in 2002. Since then, this sport has become traditional.
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Biathlonists around the world in 2018 areTo disassemble 11 sets of medals. Hunting for skis was traditional for the people of many northern countries. As a sports match it began to be perceived in the XVIII century. Ancestor of the biathlon were competitions of military patrols, which in many respects resembled the modern team race. At the Olympic Games, this competition first appeared in 1924 as a demonstration. After 1948, military patrols were ruled out of the program, returning them in a new capacity as biathlon in 1960.
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In curling will be played two sets of awards: One for women's teams and one for men's teams. The essence of the game is to deliver the granite to the target on the ice as accurately as possible with the help of brushes. Wins the team whose shell will be closer to the center of the target. Curling was played back in the 16th century in Scotland. The rules of the game were formulated in the XIX century. At the 1924 Olympics, curling was introduced as a demonstration sport. In the standard Olympic program, he entered only in 1998.
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Speed skating will be played 12Sets of awards: 6 in competitions among men and the same in competitions among women. Speed skating is one of the oldest, presented at the Winter Olympics, because it is included in the main program of all the past Olympics, since 1924. To go on speed skating began in the XVII century, the first official competitions were held in 1763 in the UK. Then the winner has overcome a distance of 15 miles in 46 minutes. Now the competitions include races for 500, 1000, 1500, 5000 and 10,000 meters, as well as the team pursuit race.
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8 sets of awards will be played in the short track- speed skating competitions, where athletes will have to move as fast as possible along the oval ice track. The Olympic program includes races for 500, 1000 and 1500 meters (both for women and men), a relay for 3000 meters for women and 5000 meters for men.
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One of the most spectacular competitions in the winterThe Olympics in Pyeongchang will traditionally be figure skating. Athletes will play 5 sets of awards: in women's and men's single skating, pair skating, dancing and team competition. Figure skating was recognized as an independent sport in 1871. Since 1924, it is included in the program of the Olympic Games.
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In the ski sports will be played 49- 10 sets of medals in skiing, - 3 sets of medals in cross-country skiing, - 12 sets of medals in cross-country skiing, - 4 sets of medals in ski jumping, - 10 sets of freestyle medals, - 10 sets of medals in Snowboarding.
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4 sets of awards will be analyzed by athletes in the lugesports. These competitions were included in the Olympic program in 1964. Since 2014, a team relay race has been added to the competitions for men's single-legged sleighs, women's single sleighs, and men's double-sled.
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2 sets of medals will be played in ice hockey. For the first time, hockey competitions were held in 1920 at the Summer Olympics. Since 1924, this game has become part of the program of the Winter Olympics. Female hockey with a puck became an Olympic kind in 1998.
