Tip 1: What causes unemployment

Work and Career

Tip 1: What causes unemployment

Unemployment is a natural phenomenon thatis observed in every state. The number of people who do not have a job includes young graduates, and those who were recently dismissed and have not yet found a new position for themselves. It is important to understand that unemployment is bad for both the macroeconomics and the psychological state of the population. Knowing its causes, you can try to prevent its development.

The most popular causes of unemployment

Employers often seek to reduce theircosts, and therefore, if possible, try to hire cheap labor - of course, provided that employees are able to cope with the tasks assigned. This gives rise to two popular causes of unemployment. First, people who do not want to agree to a low salary, sometimes have to look for a suitable job for a long time. The more such unemployed, the higher the "competition" for each position and the lower the candidates' chance to get it. Often in search of a suitable place, people spend several months or even years. Secondly, if an employer has the opportunity to replace a person with a cheaper machine that will perform procedures no worse than an ordinary employee, he will certainly do it. As a result, part of the vacancies are completely lost, and the unemployment rate will increase. This problem is especially urgent in production: many plants switch to automatic systems and, instead of a large collective, employ the minimum number of workers that will be enough to monitor the operation of the machines and repair them if necessary. Another common cause of unemployment in many countries is that, that a certain percentage of the population simply can not offer their services to employers. It is mainly about declassed elements, people with bad reputation, including those previously convicted, and, alas, about disabled people. The list includes people of unclaimed or, on the contrary, very popular professions. The first can not find a suitable position, and the second - to get a job in the presence of a huge number of competitors who have chosen the same prestigious specialty.

Additional causes of unemployment

Demand for goods and services is changing very quickly, andthis also affects the unemployment rate. Often, representatives of professions popular 5-10 years ago, are unclaimed, while "in vogue" includes new vacancies and special posts. The problem is also that employers can not always find employees with the necessary qualifications. This is due to the fact that people simply do not have time to undergo training and "reorganize" to meet new requirements. The result is an unpleasant situation: there are many vacancies, and unemployment is still growing. Do not forget about seasonal unemployment. It is related to the fact that some vacancies are relevant only at certain times of the year.

Tip 2: What are the types and forms of unemployment

The high unemployment rate is bad forpsychological state of people, macroeconomics and even politics. Specialists carefully investigate this phenomenon in order to develop the most effective methods of combating it. In particular, they distinguish many types, forms and types of unemployment and are developing a special method of solving the problem in each case.

What are the forms of unemployment

As a rule, there are only two main formsunemployment: this phenomenon can be massive and partial. Accordingly, the difference between such options is the number of people who are not employed anywhere. Partial unemployment is a natural phenomenon that is observed in different states and does not cause serious concern. In this case, a small part of the population is left without work for various reasons, including because of layoffs, the desire to change positions, etc. Mass unemployment is associated with very serious problems in the economy of the country or a number of countries. It occurs in an acute crisis, when a huge number of enterprises are closed, jobs are reduced, and people are left without work and almost without the opportunity to get it. It should be noted that mass unemployment can manifest itself within a single city, rather than a whole state. Usually this situation arises in cases when an enterprise or a number of enterprises that provide employment to the majority of people in a given locality is closed

The main types of unemployment and the differences between them

There are many types of unemployment that areare allocated according to different criteria. Often talk about forced and voluntary unemployment. In the first case, a person simply can not find a job due to a lack of vacancies or too high a level of competition. In the second case, people themselves refuse many offers, because they are not satisfied with the location of the office, the level of wages, a set of duties and other moments. Unemployment can also be unstable and structural. The first case is widespread: it refers to all situations when people leave work, choose seasonal vacancies and work only at certain times of the year, or they can not immediately get settled after graduation. The second case is much more serious: it implies serious economic restructuring, the emergence of new vacancies for which there are not yet specialists with the necessary qualifications, and the obsolescence of some professions. Finally, it is worthwhile to consider three more types - institutional, frictional and hidden. In the first case, the problem lies in the special policy of the state, which leads to a reduction in the number of jobs. Frictional unemployment suggests that a large part of the unemployed population is looking for attractive vacancies and because of high demands it can not find them yet. Hidden unemployment occurs when people hide their position from society and state.