How people live in the Arctic
How people live in the Arctic
The Arctic is a physico-geographical region of the Earth,Which adjoins the North Pole. It includes almost the entire Arctic Ocean and islands in it, the adjacent parts of the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, the outskirts of the continents of North America and Eurasia. Because of the severe climate, this region is one of the most difficult for people to live in.
Instructions
1
People first reached the coast of the NorthThe Arctic Ocean is about 30 thousand years ago. Archaeologists have found sites of ancient people in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) and the Republic of Komi. As ancient people mastered high latitudes, they learned to survive in cold conditions, adaptive changes occurred, and northern populations of people appeared. The mutation of the melanin gene in them allowed them to survive more effectively under such conditions. Outwardly this is manifested as a light shade of the skin. Organisms of representatives of indigenous peoples were tempered and adapted to frost, to life with a lack of vitamins due to a shortage of fruits and vegetables. Dogs have learned to use dogs as transport. And today a significant part of the population of the Arctic is the northern indigenous peoples.
2
The most inhabited part of the region is the Russian Arctic. Here there are more than one thousand high-latitude settlements and some 40 northern indigenous peoples live - Nenets, Pomors, Ents, Chukchi, Evenki, Negidal, Yukagir, Chuvans, etc. For many centuries, they preserve the traditional way of life, established by their ancestors. The Arctic ecosystem, extreme climatic conditions contributed to the formation of a special worldview and culture, a way of life.
3
Fisheries, reindeer husbandry, hunting and gatheringare traditional crafts. The peoples of the North in terms of nutrition and residence, and even culture, are completely dependent on the Arctic ecosystem and the state of the environment. They do not adapt well to the manifestations of modern civilization. Industrial development of the Arctic, oil and gas projects are a threat to the original habitat of ethnic groups and a threat to their existence.
4
In the Arctic, besides indigenous peoples,the former population, mainly engaged in the maintenance of transport routes and the mining industry. It lives in the main cities. Some of the newcomers come to work for a time as doctors, teachers, traders, policemen, administrators, etc.
5
It is believed that the body of a newcomerAdapts to the climate of the Far North in about a year, so doctors recommend coming to work on a rotational basis for at least a year. If a person comes for a month, then comes home, this is a strong stress for the body and immunity may fall. In this case, the organisms of different people are individual and exhibit different adaptive capacities.
