How architecture reflects the era

Culture and Society

How architecture reflects the era

The cradle of European culture is traditionallyAncient Greece is considered. It was the Greeks who presented the world with a classical architectural style. Since then, most styles in art are born, primarily in architecture. Each architectural style reflects the characteristics of culture, and sometimes the state structure of its era.

Instructions

Architecture becomes one of the leading artsAncient Greece in an archaic era. In the 7th century. BC. there is an order system. In the era of the archaic, there were two basic orders: Doric and Ionic, at the end of the classical era on the basis of the Ionic order was created Corinthian. Greek warrants were actively used in the architecture of subsequent eras. In Greece itself, first of all, numerous temples were built, differing in plastic harmony and proportionality. The Greek temple has never suppressed a man by its scale, allowing him to feel proud and free citizen of his country.

The architecture of the AncientRome. Despite the fact that the Romans mostly borrowed their culture from the Greeks, they gave it a completely different scale. For example, the famous Roman Pantheon - the temple of all the gods - is a huge cylindrical volume, to which is attached a Greek portico. The pantheon is crowned with a concrete dome weighing 46 tons, through a nine-meter hole in which air is pouring. The idea of a dome-oriented building arose just here.

In the Middle Ages, architecture becomesthe dominant form of artistic culture. During this period, there are 2 styles: Romanesque and Gothic. Romance style, which appeared in the period of feudal fragmentation, tends to create temples and castles, reminiscent of well-fortified fortresses.

Buildings of Gothic style in a greater degreegravitate to beauty. In this period there is a type of temple, looking upwards, with pointed arches, huge stained-glass windows and stone lace of walls.

The Renaissance was marked by a return todomed architecture based on the ancient warrant. Magnificent domes, designed by the leading masters of the "genius era", are almost the main decoration of Italian cities. The symbol of beautiful Florence was the bright and elegant dome of the cathedral of Santa Maria del Fiore, and above the proud Rome the grandiose dome of St. Peter's Cathedral, designed by the great Michelangelo himself, ascended.

The spirit of Renaissance freedom is a thing of the past withthe advent of the Baroque era. Again, as in the Middle Ages, the church comes to the fore. Now the task of architecture is to hit a person with the scale and magnificence of temple structures, pointing out his insignificance in the face of God. The buildings are magnificent, often overly decorated, they are distinguished by the curious curvilinearness of the outlines.

During the reign of narcissistic and domineeringLouis XIV in France there is a strict and symmetrical classicism. He is characterized by citizenship, heroic pathos, plastic harmony and clarity of form. The most famous buildings of the era are not the temples, and the royal palaces - the Louvre and Versailles.

The timing was the appearance of the rococo style. The refined tastes of the aristocracy of the 18th century demand great elegance with an admixture of pretentiousness. The Rococo style did not introduce new structural elements into the architecture. His main task was to achieve decorative effectiveness.

Very interesting architecture in the Art Nouveau style. It gravitates toward natural, "natural" lines and forms. Buildings designed by one of the most striking architects of Art Nouveau Antonio Gaudi, so organically fit into the landscape, which seem to be a creation of nature, rather than the hands of human beings.

Unfortunately, modern architecture has lostaesthetic properties inherent in this remarkable art form. The buildings-boxes that shape the appearance of most modern cities look faceless and monotonous.