Tip 1: Candles: types, history of creation
Tip 1: Candles: types, history of creation
Aromatic, dining, household,hemp, decorative, tea, a variety of candles carry a magic light, capable of making an evening romantic and fabulous, and give the heart a little warmth. When did they appear? Who invented these wonderful lights that have always remained in human life, despite the abundance and availability of electric lighting?
The prototype of a modern candle is the Egyptiantorches from reeds or reeds. The ancient Egyptians took dried reeds or reeds, moistened it in melted animal fat and set fire to it. Of course, such a candle was very different from the modern one, besides, it did not have a wick - a necessary part of the present candles.
Therefore, it is believed that the history of candles begins in ancient Rome, it is here when they started to use the wick, although the basic material for the production remained the same animal fat.
During the Middle Ages, candles were invented frombeeswax, but since this material was much harder to obtain than fat, then such wax candles cost very much. Because of the high price, they were not available to ordinary people and used them only in rich houses.
In the eighteenth century, the evolution of candles continuedthanks to whaling. They began to be produced from spermaceti, a substance similar to wax, which was obtained from a fibrous spermacetal sac located in the head of a sperm whale. Spermacetovye candles did not smoke and had amazing brightness. In the twentieth century, a ban was imposed on the extraction of spermaceta, which is quite justified.
A huge leap in the production of candles occurred inXIX century, at this time D. Morgan invented a machine that produces candles in forms with a cylinder with a moving piston, capable of removing frozen candles.
In the same century, paraffin was invented, forwhich produced shale and oil. This material has since become the main production of candles. Paraffin candles are low in cost and brightly lit without any unpleasant smells. The only minus of pure paraffin is the low melting point, so the candles are made from it with the addition of stearic acid.
Another notable event of the 19th century was thethe invention of an incandescent lamp, which eventually became the main source of illumination, replacing candles from this role. But, despite this, candles on a huge scale are still produced today. They decorate festive tables, they are used to create a relaxing environment, decorate festive rooms and for other purposes. This suggests that the life of the candle continues, although in a different way from the original purpose.
Tip 2: How the car "Mercedes" got its name
Mercedes-Benz is a famous German brandpassenger cars of a premium class, belonging to the auto-building corporation Daimler AG, which also produces engines and other types of equipment for different purposes.
Benz
The first milestone in the history of appearance on the marketcar Mercedes-Benz can be considered the registration of the company "Benz and Co.. Reinishe Gazmotoren-Fabrik, Mannheim, October 1, 1883. The company was registered by a German inventor, a talented engineer and one of the pioneers of the automobile industry, Karl Benz. Companions of Benz were enterprising businessman Max Kaspar Rose and commercial agent Friedrich Wilhelm Esslinger. The new company was organized on the basis of a bicycle workshop, but it was engaged in designing, creating and selling gasoline engines. At that time, Karl Benz already had his own patents for a two-stroke internal combustion engine and the main most important parts and systems of the car. These included: a water cooling radiator, a spark plug, clutch elements, a carburetor, an accelerator, an ignition system and a gearbox. The presence of all these developments and allowed Benz to design a car. The first three-wheeled car was produced by Benz in 1886.Daimler
In parallel with the development of the company Karal Benzgrew and developed another company, called "Daimler-Motoren-Gesellschaft." Created this company Gottlieb Daimler in 1890, his company was engaged in the production of four-wheeled cars, which initially were not in high demand. Really a successful example, the designer of this company, Wilhelm Maybach was able to create only in 1901. The cars of this company were first named Mercedes.In the movie Slumdog Millionaire, Mercedes-Benz demanded that its logos be removed from the scenes where the action takes place in the slums.
Mercedes
The appearance of this name has its own separatehistory. As the legend goes, this name was given to cars thanks to the persistent recommendations of the vice-consul of Austria-Hungary in Nice, Emile Jellinek, who was an avid driver and concurrently head of the Daimler representative office in France. In 1899, he was in the car of the company Daimler participated in the race in Nice. As a pseudonym, he took the name of his daughter, who was called Mercedes, he won the race, after which he decided that this name would bring the company's cars luck. A year later, Emil asked Daimler to design a new, more elegant and powerful model of the car for him, with the condition that the car should be called Mercedes. The order of 36 cars was at that time simply gigantic and very profitable, and Daimler agreed to all the conditions of the vice-consul. So there was a name, which in 1902 officially became a trademark.Emblem "Mercedes" - three-beam star - symbolizes the use of the company's engines on the ground, in water and in the air, as well as the company's superiority in these three elements.In 1926, after the merger of Daimler and Benz, the cars of the new Daimler-Benz concern became known as Mercedes-Benz.
