Tip 1: How to find the verb form
Tip 1: How to find the verb form
A verb is one of the independent parts of speech, which stands for action and answers the questions "what to do?" And "what to do?". It can also reveal a certain state or attitude.
Instructions
1
The verb as a part of speech has certainmorphological features. These are: the species (imperfect and perfect), conjugation (I and II), transitivity (or intransitivity) and recurrence. Verb forms are possible variants of verb modification. They can be divided into several classes. The first class is made up of infinitives, the second is participles and adverbial participles, the third is the conjugated forms of the verb (verbs vary mainly in terms of inclination, persons, times, etc.).
2
Infinitive is an indefinite initial formthe verb. A feature of the Russian language is that in it an infinitive can, under certain circumstances, be included in the composition of the verbal predicate. The undefined form of the verb is semantically similar to the noun, which is in the nominative case. It can be guessed by the presence of unique affixes "-t" and "-ty". The latter is usually combined with stress.
3
Conjugation of the verb is its abilitychange in the future and the present tense. Indicators of such changes are the person and the number of the verb. In Russian, the first and second conjugations are distinguished. The verbs of the first conjugation, if they are put in the plural and the third person have a shock ending "- yut" or "-ut". In contrast, from the first, the second conjugation is characterized by the absence of stress on the ending of the verb, which sounds like "-it", or as an exception - "-et." If the end of the verb is unstressed, then an undefined form (infinitive) contributes to the exact definition of conjugation.
4
Communion is a kind of "symbiosis" of the verb andthe adjective. It is a sign of the subject by action, answering the questions: "what?", "What?", "What?", "What is doing?". Communion is compiled with words that are dependent on it in the participial circulation, which is separated by commas. It can be real and passive. In the verbal participle the verb is combined not with the adjective, but with the adverb - and it answers the questions "what are you doing?", "What is done?". There is a perfect and imperfect type.
Tip 2: How to determine the verb reflexivity
Returning verbs are a special kind ofintransitive verbs, they denote an action directed at oneself, which is due to the presence of postfix -a, which originally in the Old Slavonic language was the pronoun "itself." Speaking of recurrence verb, it should be borne in mind that this category is related to the transitivity / intransitivity, and also that not all verbs with postfixes -s are returnable.
You will need
- Russian language textbook
Instructions
1
Define to start with categorytransitivity / intransitivity. Transitive verbs denote an action directed at an object, and are combined with nouns in the accusative case without a preposition. For example, "to prick (what?) Firewood" (prick - transitive verb, as it combines with the noun in the accusative case without a preposition). Intransitive verbs denote an action that does not pass to an object; they are combined with nouns in other indirect cases. For example: "suffer (with what?) Asthma" (suffering is an intransitive verb, since it is combined with a noun in the instrumental case).
2
A special group of intransitive verbs arereturnable. Their indispensable difference is postfix-ya. However, within the category of recurrence there is a classification. Returning verbs are divided into 5 groups: 1) Self-returnable, 2) Reciprocal, 3) Reflective, 4) Indirectly-returnable, 5) Object-free-return.
3
Properly-returnable designates an action,directed to the subject (to himself). In this case, the subject and the object are one person: combing themselves - dressing themselves, dressing themselves - dressing themselves, washing themselves - washing themselves. The reciprocally-referential designates an action between several subjects, each of which simultaneously is an object, that is, they transfer the action to each other: meet - meet each other, hug - hug each other. Common verbs express changes in the emotional state of a subject or his physical actions: hurry, strive, return, rejoice, mourn, worry. NGO-returnable imply an action that the subject does not with him, but for themselves, in their own interests: he began to be built, ready for a trip, stocking drovami.Bezobektno recurrent designate an activity, always inherent in the subject: nettle stings, dog bites, tin melts.
Tip 3: Finding the Undefined Verb Form
To the study of verbs, including hisUndefined form, schoolchildren are starting in primary school. If the material is poorly mastered, there may be mistakes in writing "tsya" and "fuck". Therefore, the teacher needs to draw their attention to the identification marks of the infinitive.
Instructions
1
You should know that the uncertain Form verb often called the infinitive. The verb in this form does not change either by numbers or by persons. It is impossible for him to determine both the inclination and the appearance.
2
You can, of course, form an undefined formverbs with the help of auxiliary questions "what to do?", "what to do?". But this method does not always help you. Thus, it is difficult for schoolchildren to put impersonal verbs into an infinitive, which in the future can become a consequence of spelling errors.
3
Children also confuse verbs in the form of a third person withinfinitive, and therefore can not determine how to write correctly: "tsya" or "utsya." For example, to a verb in a syntactic structure "seems successful", children find it difficult to put auxiliary questions "what to do?", "What to do?". Thus, they will not be able to check the spelling of the word.
4
Find an undefined form of the verb orform it easier, paying attention to some details. So, you should know that the infinitive has the ending "ti" or "ti". For example, in the word "bring" the ending will be "tee", and in the word "to be in time" - "to".
5
The end of "ty" is written in an indefinite form,If there is a vowel in front of him, and "t" - after a consonant. So, in the infinitive "bloom" before the end of "ti" is the consonant sound "c", and in the word "see" - the vowel "e".
6
A verb in an indefinite form can alsoend in "ch". But in this case "ch" will not be an ending, but will be part of the root. This can be seen by changing the form of the word: take care - protects. You see that at the root there is an alternation of sounds.
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To learn how to form an undefined form without errors, it is necessary to ask questions "what to do?" Or "what to do?" And do not forget to pay attention to the structure of the word.
Tip 4: How to determine the verb transitivity
The transitivity / intransitivity class of the verb onfirst glance - a purely theoretical issue. However, ignorance of the subject is clearly manifested in the speech of foreigners who begin to study our complex language. Native speakers of the Russian language sometimes do not even think about the problem, automatically correctly arranging their speech.
Instructions
1
Under the transitivity of the Russian verbit means its ability to form phrases with direct addition without a preposition. As a supplement, nouns, numerals or pronouns can be used. In this case, the transitive verb denotes an action directly directed to an object. Accordingly, those verbs that can not have a direct complement are intransitive. And the use of nouns or pronouns in the accusative case without a preposition is unacceptable .- "write" (whom? "," What? ") Text" - a transitive verb - "go" ("who?", "What?") ... "- intransitive.
2
Transitive verbs are able to formverb phrases in conjunction with a noun, a numeral or pronoun in the accusative case without a preposition: - "Buy (" whom? "," what? ") the book" - "take (" who? "," what? ") with her "-" get ("who?", "What?") Five. "
3
Transitive verbs also form phrasesa verb with a noun without a preposition in the genitive case, if it denotes part of the whole, or there is a negative particle "not" with the verb: "take a little (" what? ") millet"; - "do not read (" what? ") of the novel."
4
All reflexive verbs (with the postfix "-ya", "-s") are intransitive: "be careful", "get angry", "bathe".
5
Transitivity / intransitivity of the verbalthough it refers to morphological features, but it is closely related to its lexical meaning in a concrete statement. The same verb in Russian can be both intransitive and transitive depending on the context value. The list of such verbs tends to expand. Compare: "walking along the street - walking the dog."
Tip 5: What is the Undefined Verb Form
A verb is part of a speech that answers questions"What to do?" And "what to do?" Verbs have the property of conjugating, that is, changing by persons and numbers. However, this part of the speech has an initial, or an initial, form.
Infinitive, or an undefined verb form
The verb in the initial, or indefinite, formis called an infinitive. Infinitive always answers the question "what to do?" Or "what to do?" You can never ask questions about the initial form of the verb: "what does?", "What will it do?", "What will it do?", "What did?" , "what did you do? " etc. That is, the infinitive by definition has a minimum number of morphological features. Examples. The verb "to go" answers the question "what to do?". Accordingly, it is a verb in an indefinite (initial) form, or an infinitive. However, the verbs "go", "will go", "go" answer the questions "what does?", "What will it do?", "What are they doing?". These verbs already have morphological features - faces, numbers and times - and are not infinitives. Another example. The verb "to write" answers the question "what to do?" And is an infinitive. From this initial form, verbs are formed in the past and future times, the first, second and third persons, singular and plural numbers: "wrote," "wrote," "wrote," "write," "write." In other words, the verb in the infinitive is always a zero (undefined) form, from which it is always possible to form different forms of the same word in different persons and numbers. This process is called conjugation.What signs of the verb can be determined from the initial form
If the infinitive is the initial, zero,an indefinite form of the verb, is it possible to determine by it some signs of this part of speech, or morphological signs? Yes, you can determine the constant, unchanged signs of the verb. First, in an indefinite form, you can determine the types of the verb - perfect or imperfect. The verb of the imperfective in the initial form answers the question "what to do?" And denotes the unfinished action. For example, "walking", "reading", "singing", "compose", etc. The verb of the perfect kind in the infinitive answers the question "what to do?" And denotes the completed, completed action. For example, "walk", "read", "sing", "compose", "fly", etc. Secondly, by the infinitive one can determine the conjugation of the verb. In Russian there are two conjugations - the first and the second. The first conjugation includes all the verbs which end in an infinitive with -et, -at, -oh, -t, -yat, as well as a few verbs-exceptions-to-be. The second conjugation is the most part of the verbs na-iit, and also some verbs-exceptions to -at, -yat and -et.Tip 6: What is the transitivity of the verb
All verbs in Russian are characterized withpoint of view of such a lexical-grammatical category as transitivity. Transitivity / intransitivity characterizes the verbal action in relation to the object.
Transitive and intransitive verbs
Verbs in Russian can be divided into 2 large semantic types:
1) designating an action that changes to an object and changes it;
2) denoting an action that is self-contained and does not pass to an object.
The first type includes the verbs of creation, destruction, many verbs of speech and thought, for example: to build, grow, educate; break, smash, destroy; say, think, feel.
The second type combines verbs expressing a certain state. Examples: lying, sitting, sleeping, feeling.
Similar semantics of verbs is formed in the form region using the category of transitivity.
Verbs denoting an action passing to an object, and combined with a form of accusative without a preposition, are called transitive.
Verbs that are incapable of denoting an action that passes to an object, and which do not combine with the accusative case without a preposition, are intransitive.
Examples: Tatyana wrote Onegin a letter. The verb "wrote" is transitional.
He gloriously writes, translates. Verbs "write", "translate", denoting the ability to some action, are intransitive.
Transitivity is a lexico-grammatical category, therefore the category is defined strictly by formal features, and not by context.
To the central part of transitive verbs are verbs with negation, combined with the genitive case, for example: not to love literature.
Indirect-transitive verbs
Also indirectly transitive verbs are distinguished, which can be combined with the object not in the genitive or accusative cases, for example: administer the state.
The criterion for distinguishing transitive verbs is their ability to transform into passive participles. Examples: build a house - a built house, drink water - drenching the water.
