How to determine the verb type
How to determine the verb type
Slavic languages are sharply contrasted with otherIndo-European languages according to the forms of expression of the categories of time and species. The modern system of species developed in linguistics only at the beginning of the 20th century. In order to correctly determine the type of the verb in the Russian language, it is necessary to take into account a number of grounds.
The verb form is a lexical-grammaticalThe category of the verb expressing the relation of action to its internal limit. An internal limit is a point in the course of an action when an action passes into an inaction.
History of the category of the verb form
Until the 20th century. in Russian linguistics distinguished 3 types:
1. Uncertain species, coinciding with a modern imperfect species.
2. Multiple appearance. Examples are the following words: sat, talked, talked.
3. A single view, coinciding with a modern perfect view.
How to determine the type of the verb?
In modern linguistics, grammatical types of the verb are usually delimited on the basis of semantics, i.e. values.
In Russian grammar distinguish perfect and imperfect species.
The verb form can be determined on the basis of the following grounds:
1) Based on semantics.
Verbs of the perfect kind designate an action,reached the internal limit (for example: looked, did). Verbs of an imperfect kind designate an action that has not reached the internal limit (for example: looked, did).
2) For questions.
Verbs of the perfect kind answer the question "what to do?", And the verbs of the imperfect kind to the question "what to do?". For example: (what did?) Looked, (what did?) Looked.
3) Based on word formation.
The perfect form of verbs is formed with the help ofprefixes, imperfections - with the help of suffixes. So, verbs of the perfect kind "looked, did" have prefixes, and verbs of imperfect kind "looked, did" do not have.
4) By combinability.
Verbs of an imperfect kind are combined withadverbs "long", "slow", with the words "every day" and others, and verbs of the perfect kind do not have such an opportunity. So, you can say "for a long time", but you can not use the expression "long looked".
5) By the difference in the set of word forms.
Verbs of the perfect species can not be in the form of the present species, and the verbs of the imperfect species do not possess the forms of 3 times.
