Tip 1: How to learn the conjugation of a verb
Tip 1: How to learn the conjugation of a verb
Declension is the modification of the nominal parts of speech. Concerning verb, for him there is a similar term - conjugation, indicating the change of this part of speech by type, number, inclination, gender, time and person. Be able to find conjugation verb it is very important if you want to write competently.
Instructions
1
Identify conjugation only verbs have a present and future tense. In the past, they are changed only by persons and numbers.
2
To understand conjugation verb, find where the stress falls in it. If the ending is a shock, then your task is simplified: conjugation verb is determined by the vowel in a strong position. Verbs related to the first conjugation have the endings -et, -em, -et, -out / ut, -y / y, -e. For example, for this conjugation are such verbs as you expect, you drink, you dream.
3
Verbs with an ending that is under stress related to the second conjugation will have endings -you, -im, -it, -it, -at / yam. For example: say, catch, keep silent.
4
When the ending verb is not under stress, his conjugation determine by the infinitive. If the impersonal form ends with -it, the verb of the second conjugation is in front of you. Verbs with all other endings refer to the first.
5
In any rule there are exceptions, and conjugationsverbs can not do without them. In order to make it easier to remember them, you can learn the following rhyme: "To the second conjugation we carry without a doubt all the verbs that on-it, except shaving, lay. And yet: watch, offend, see, hear, hate, drive, breathe, hold, endure, and depend, and twirl. " To facilitate the memorization of exceptions, there are several poems, rhyming verbs that are not amenable to the rule. You can learn any you like.
6
There are also disjointed verbs: some of the forms are formed by the first conjugation, and some by the second. To such verbm are to run, want. In some cases, when forming forms verb there may be two correct variants of writing (for example, they are honored / honored).
7
Verbs give, there are also derived from them forms (give, eat, etc.) conjugated on an archaic pattern.
Tip 2: How to identify conjugation and face
The grammatical category of the verb - the person servesto express the attitude of the subject of action to the speaker. Changing verbs by faces and numbers is called conjugation. These are the main characteristics of the verb, which must be able to determine and reflect in the morphological analysis.
Instructions
1
Persons of the verb depend on the subject of the action. They can be the speaker himself ("I write"), then the verb is used in the form of the 1st person of units. number. The action produced by a group of persons, among whom is the speaker, is then expressed by the form of the 1st person pl. numbers ("we write"). If the action is performed by one interlocutor, the verb acts in the form of the 2nd person of units. number ("you write"), and if several interlocutors or a group of persons - then the 2nd person pl. numbers ("you write"). The action that is committed by those who are neither a speaker nor an interlocutor is expressed by the third person of units. number ("he / she writes"), if the producers of action are more than one, the form of the third person is used. numbers ("they write").
2
Verbs of the Present and Future TensesThe indicative mood is presented in all six forms. In the past tense, as well as in the subjunctive mood, personal indications are personal indicators ("I wrote", "you wrote", "he / she wrote (a)", "we wrote", "you wrote", "they wrote") .
3
Depending on the various vowels in the composition of the endings, the verbs of the present and the future of simple time (with a few exceptions) are divided into the first and second conjugations.
4
The first conjugation is the verbs thathave the following inflexions: in the singular - in the 1st person "-y", "-yu" ("take", "cola"), in the second person "- (e) eat" ("take", " kolesh "), in the third person" - (e) em "(" takes "," tunic "); in the plural - in 1 person "- (e) eem" ("take", "kolem"), in the second person "- (e) ete" ("take", "kolete"), in the 3rd face "-out", "-yut" ("take", "prick").
5
The second conjugation includes verbs withinflexions: in the singular - in the 1st person "-y", "-yu" ("dry land", "dust"), in the second person "-ish" ("dry", "dust"), in 3rd person "-it" ("dries", "dust"); in a large number - in the 1st person "-im" ("dry", "dust"), in the second person "-it" ("dry", "dust"), in the third person "-at "," -yat "(" dry "," dust ").
6
The differences between the vowels in the endings of the first and secondThe conjugations clearly manifest themselves in a strong position or under stress. Therefore, in determining the conjugation of verbs with unstressed inflexions, the following rule is used: all verbs with an infinitive to "-it" except "shave," seven verbs to "-et" ("twirl", "see," "depend," "hate" , "Offend", "watch" and "tolerate") - and four with an infinitive to "-at" ("breathe," "drive," "hear," "hold") refer to the second conjugation. All the rest belong to the first.
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In Russian there are verbs that do not relate to eitherthe first, nor the second conjugation ("there", "to be") or unifying endings of both conjugations ("want", "run"). Traditionally, they are called multidisciplinary.
Tip 3: How verbs change in the present tense
Some people who speak Russian, butwhile students and foreign, as well as their rules, are surprised - why in the same English times there are so many, and in Russian - so few? This opinion is wrong, in fact, not so simple. That is why it is necessary to know aspects of the formation and change of verbs in the present tense.
Instructions
1
The Russian-speaking "present" is divided into twotemporary type - the present actual and the present irrelevant. The first type means that the verb is used to designate a process that coincides with the moment of utterance. For example: "In a clear and cloudless sky a month is silvered". The second, irrelevant, in turn, is divided into two subtypes - the present constant, denoting the process without any time constraints ("the World Ocean is washing the land surface"), and the present abstract, expressing a process that is not associated with any time ("People do not store what they have, but lose it - they cry").
2
Now it's not about theory, but about language practice. Absolutely all forms of verbs in the present tense are formed in only one way - by using the basis of the verb of the imperfect species and adding to it the ending of one or another person and number. In this case, verbs of the perfect type can not form the forms of the present time.
3
In the singular, the first person is formedthe following endings: -y and -yu (first and second conjugation); the second: -you (the first conjugation) and -is (the second). Examples: "I really smoke a lot" and "I've been taking the upper note for rehearsals for a year", and "It seems to me that you smoke too much" and "I was very impressed with how you take the top note" There is the following rule: -et (first conjugation) and -it (second). Examples: "It seems to my parents that he has been smoking a lot recently" and "Thanks to his vocal lessons, he takes the upper note".
4
In the plural, education is as follows. First person: -em (first conjugation) and -im (second). Examples: "We really really smoke a lot lately" and "After a year of classes with the teacher we take the upper notes". The second person is: -Yes and-ite accordingly. Example: "I was impressed with how you take the top notes" and "We all think that you smoke too much." The third person: -out and -youth (first conjugation), -at, -yat (from the second). Example: "They take the top note" and "They smoke too much".
5
At the same time, it is necessary to focus onword form, in general, since the verbs of the future tense and the perfect species will have the same endings as in the case of the present time of imperfect time. For example: "They are watching" and "They will look."
6
In addition to changing the verbs of the present time in terms of persons and numbers, there is no other division, for example, by birth.
Tip 4: How past verbs change
Formation and change of verbs in the pasttime is subject to certain rules that "accompany" the processes that take place before the moment of speech or from the point of view of another countdown. But how do they change?
Instructions
1
In the past tense, verbs of the perfect formare subdivided into two more values - aoristic and perfect. The former serves as an indication of an action that has taken place in the past and is in no way connected with the present. For example: "He just woke up very early and cooked a delicious breakfast." Ordinarily, aoristic value is formed with the help of homogeneous predicates - "A well-educated boy greeted, received a long-awaited gift and thanked him for it." The second meaning expresses an action that was once performed in the past, and its result is still preserved. Example: "Our car got up on the road, because the petrol ran out."
2
In the category of imperfect verbs of such valuesmore, namely, four. The first is a definite and single action that happened just before the moment of speech ("Once we went skiing to the mountains for the winter holidays"), the second one is repeated several times until the moment of speech ("Whenever I touch the button of an ATM, I was shocked "), the third - the action is characterized by a constant flow (" Green meadows stretched to the horizon ") and the fourth has the meaning of a generalized fact (" Somebody called him ").
3
So now practice. Verbs of the past tense can vary by number, and in the singular - by birth. And they do not have several forms of persons. For verbal education of the past tense of the verb, it is necessary to use the infinitive basis or the basis of the past tense with the suffix -l, which varies by gender and number. For example: "He talked a lot and heatedly and attracted listeners", "She said interesting things and attracted listeners" and "They did not speak according to the rules and attracted the audience."
4
And in the form of the masculine gender of the singularthe only indicator of gender and number is the zero ending of the verb: "Last week he got soaked through," "He prudently warned others about the danger", "He correctly guarded the catch", "The man was chilled and constantly trembling" and "The old tractor suddenly was deaf and did not move. "
5
It is also interesting that historical educationthe past forms of time, according to the opinion of a large number of linguists, date back to the perfect participle, which has the suffix -l and is used in the perfect with the present-day form and with the help of the auxiliary verb "to be."
Tip 5: How verbs change in the future tense
In Russian, there are two forms of verbs infuture of time. This future is simple or synthetic and the future is complex or analytical. In addition, and depending on whether they belong to the first or second category, the tenses of the future tense change only in two ways.
Instructions
1
It is a mistake to believe that verbs in Russianhave only one past, one present and one future time, unlike, for example, English and German. Schoolchildren are not taught a more detailed separation of each of them, but this fact does not negate the more detailed categorization of verbs.
2
So the verbs of the future prime time are formedin the following way - a personal ending is added to the basis of the future tense of the verb of the perfect species, which, usually, coincides with the endings of the verbs in the present tense. For example: "Tomorrow I'll call him" and "I'll write now," "I'll write a letter next week" and "I'll write a letter now," "I will finish painting a year later" and "now I'm painting the picture". Accordingly, this rule extends to the following chains: "I will call, call, call, call, call and phone", "write, write, write, write, write and write", and "draw, draw, draw, draw, draw and they'll finish it. "
3
The form of future complex time is formedanalytically by combining the verb of the imperfect species in the infinitive with the personal form of the auxiliary "to be." For example: "I will compose," "you will compose," "he will compose," "we will compose," "you will compose" and "they will compose".
4
According to the norms of the Russian language and as can be seen fromthe above-mentioned subjects, the verbs of the future tense can vary in two categories - individuals and numbers, but not by birth. The notion that the pronoun "she" and "it" is a generic variation from the original "he" is now obsolete, therefore it is accepted that these are three different pronouns. Examples with both future tense variations: "I will review the next lecture" (first person and singular), "you will finish the text tomorrow" (second person and plural) and "I will outline" (first person and singular), " you will note "(second person and plural).
5
In this case, the complex form of the verb in the future tenseis a single complex or simple verbal predicate, in contrast to the following - "I'll start vacuuming the floor tomorrow" and "I will not talk to him tomorrow". It is necessary to remember and divide the auxiliary "be" from other verbs, for example, modal, that is, "I will write" is different from "I can write" as well as "I will eat" from "I have to eat all lunch tomorrow".
