Tip 1: Linguistics as a Scientific Discipline
Tip 1: Linguistics as a Scientific Discipline
Linguistics is also called linguistics. It is a science that studies languages. She studies not only the natural human language, but also all the languages of the world as his individual representatives. Linguistics can be scientific and practical.
The subject of linguistics
Linguistics studies existing, existingonce the languages and the human language in a general sense. The linguist observes languages not directly. Objects of observation are facts of speech or linguistic phenomena, that is, speech acts of speakers of living language along with their results - texts.Sections of linguistics
In the broad sense of the word, linguistics is dividedon three main types - theoretical, applied and practical. Theoretical is scientific linguistics, presupposing the construction of linguistic theories. Applied linguistics specializes in solving practical problems associated with the study of language, as well as on the practical use of linguistic theory in other areas. Practical linguistics is a representation of the sphere where linguistic experiments are actually conducted, which have the goal of verifying the provisions of theoretical linguistics. Also, practical linguistics tests the effectiveness of products that are created by applied linguistics.Theoretical linguistics
Theoretical linguistics conducts researchlanguage laws and formulates them as theories. Theoretical linguistics can be empirical or normative. Empirical linguistics describes real speech, normative indicates the correctness of pronunciation and spelling of words. If we talk about language in general, we can distinguish general and private linguistics. General linguistics studies the common features of all languages of the world both empirically and deductively. It explores the general trends in the functioning of the language, develops methods for its analysis, and provides a definition of linguistic concepts. One of the parts of general linguistics is the linguistic typology. It compares different languages, regardless of the degree of their kinship, and draws conclusions about the language as a whole. Private linguistics is the science of a particular language or a group of related languages. Here you can find sections on a specific language, for example, Russian, Japanese and others. Also, sections may depend on a group of related languages - Slavic, Romanic, Turkic.Applied Linguistics
The applied sphere of linguistics has a widediversity. The most ancient spheres are a letter (graphics), lexicography and a technique for teaching native and non-native language. Already later, such sections as translation, orthography, decoding, transliteration, terminology development appeared.Practical Linguistics
Practical linguistics includes cybernetic language models that very much imitate human speech. During the excavations, the adequacy of dead languages is checked.Tip 2: What is translation science
Students of higher educational institutions,who receive the specialty of a linguist-translator, compulsorily study such discipline as translation studies. It is devoted to theoretical and practical aspects of translation activity.
Instructions
1
Translation (theory and practice of translation) -an interdisciplinary subject that contains elements of the humanities and social sciences and studies the theory of translation and interpretation. In translation, several main sections are singled out: general and particular translation theories, special translation theories, translation criticism, the history of translation theory and practice, the theory of machine translation, the method of teaching translation, the practice of translation and didactics of translation.
2
This scientific discipline is sufficientyoung, its history is about 50 years. Nevertheless, during this period, translation studies have developed significantly. The main tasks of the theory and practice of translation are: tracing the regularities of the relationship between the original and the translation, generalization in the light of scientific findings of observations from various cases of translation, the accumulation of experience in translation practice to obtain arguments and evidence of certain theories and to find effective means for solving specific language problems.
3
Re-engineering is one of the keydisciplines in mastering the specialty of a linguist and translator, gaining theoretical knowledge about the transfer of various lexical units from one language to another, as well as experience in performing oral and written translations. The main direction of the discipline is translation as a creative activity related to literature and language and assuming the inevitable contact of the two languages. In the theory and practice of translation, data from various sciences, including linguistics, are applied, which makes it possible to adapt their methods to solve translation problems.
4
The theory and practice of translation is tightly connectednot only with linguistics, but also with literary criticism, sociology, history, philosophy, psychology and other disciplines. Depending on the problems studied, the methods of certain disciplines come to the fore. For example, linguistic methods are used in the study of equivalence, and literary methods are used to solve stylistic problems.
5
Practical methods of translation studies includeSpeech reproduction of linguistic units, verbal and written, as well as simultaneous and consecutive translation of texts of different orientation with further correlation of linguistic units of one language with the linguistic units of the other.
