What are the main sections of linguistics
Linguistics, or linguistics - the science of development,functioning and structure of the languages of the world, a part of semiotics that studies signs. Linguistics studies natural human languages from different points of view, therefore it is divided into several parts: phonetics, lexicology, grammar, stylistics and others. Also, depending on the scope of application, linguistics is divided into theoretical and practical.
Theoretical and practical linguistics
The study of linguistic laws, principlesthe formation and development of language, the analysis of language rules and concepts, their structuring, the study of the history of languages is engaged in theoretical linguistics, which as a result of all these observations formulates theories. Theoretical linguistics is divided into empirical, which works with real speech, and normative, which forms a set of rules and laws that prescribe how to properly use the language. General theoretical linguistics works with all languages in their complex, studies common features of this phenomenon, and a private section examines only individual manifestations - one language, group or pair. Practical linguistics does not involve the construction of theories and the study of laws, its purpose is to study the language from a practical point of view, to transfer knowledge in the field of its study to other people without special education. This is translation studies, linguodidactics, methods of teaching the native language and other sections. Other sections of linguistics
Depending on the subject of research,different sections of linguistics associated with various aspects of the functioning of the language. Lexicology deals with the study of vocabulary or vocabulary. This section identifies the word as the main unit and describes their types, functions, ways of education, history of development. Lexicology examines various types of connections in word combinations: paradigmatic, syntagmatic. It distinguishes between different types of relationship between words: antonymic or synonymous. The compilation of dictionaries and the study of different meanings of words is dealt with by an area of this section, such as lexicography. The goal of phonetics is to study the sound composition of a language, the basic unit in this section is the sounds of speech. They distinguish phonetics proper, which deals with articulation (physiological aspect of speech), acoustics (physical laws of sound formation) and functional manifestation of sounds. With the latter aspect, phonology works in more detail, which works with a phoneme - a sound in terms of its function. Grammar examines the rules for constructing words in a construction, it distinguishes morphemes and morphs, divides words into morphological parts with definite values, reveals the patterns of the construction of certain segments of speech - sentences, word combinations, texts. There is a descriptive grammar that works with the existing system of language, and a historical grammar that traces its development at different stages of language existence. Also, the grammar is divided into morphology and syntax. In addition, there are such sections of linguistics as phraseology, stylistics, orthography, and speech culture.
