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Try to make papier-mâché together withbaby, taking as an apple form. For work you will need the following materials and tools: - shape - a small apple, if possible more regular shape - flour and water for making paste - a container for cooking paste (metal bowl) - old newspapers - white paper for the top layer of the product - scissors - a sharp knife for paper or a blade - paints - a transparent varnish for furniture - a set of brushes.

In order to make papier-mâché quickly and accurately, follow the procedure described below.

1. Cook the paste. For this, pour 3 tbsp. spoon flour with a small amount of chilled water, mix the mixture thoroughly until a consistency resembling thick sour cream is obtained. Put a bowl of water (1-1.5 cups) on the stove and bring it to a boil, then pour the prepared mixture into boiling water in a thin trickle, stirring it intensively. When the mass thickens sufficiently, remove the container from the plate and cool it.
2. Wash the washed apple on the table, and cover ita layer of newsprint, consisting of a newspaper torn into small pieces. Pieces of newspaper irregular shape, moisten with water and place on the surface of the apple so that they fit snugly together. The first layer is ready.
3. Repeat the operation five to six times, but do not wet the newspaper pieces with water, and stick them with a paste.
4. Dry the papier-mâché well.
5. Repeat step 2 by making 5-6 layers from the newspaper and the top layer of white paper, making sure that the surface is evenly covered with it and that the pieces of the newspaper are not looking anywhere.
6. Again, dry the papier-mâché well.
7. With a sharp knife, gently cut the shape andremove the apple. The edges of the half-pieces of apple made from papier-mâché are greased with glue (PVA, clerical, or better - superglue) and gently join together, pressing as tightly as possible without risking damage to the product. Dry the joint thoroughly, then peel it so it is not so noticeable.

The main technical part of the work is finished. As you can see, making papier-mache was not so difficult.

There remains the most creative stage. Include your imagination and artistic imagination or take as a sample the real apple lying before you and paint the model with gouache or acrylic paints. Allow the paints to dry well and apply a layer of clear varnish. Now it remains only to attach the petiole (you can from a real apple, having dried it well beforehand) and an apple made from papier-mache is ready.

You will need

• tennis ball
• piece of canvas or old t-shirt
• thick fishing line
• steel wire
• wooden linen clothespin
• PVA glue
• 3 screws with a loop
• narrow slats
• empty plastic bottle
• 2 flaps of different tissue
• colored paper
• ball of wool
• scotch
• sandpaper
• 8 newspaper pages
• cotton buds
• drill with a thin drill
• pliers
• scissors
• ruler
• big needle

Instructions

1

Make the doll head. Cut out a square of 30x30 cm from a canvas or any other monophonic light fabric. Cover the tennis ball with this cloth, tying the ends of the fabric with a thick thread several times. Cut 20 cm of wire. Pierce her through the head in the ears. Using pliers, make eyelets on both ends of the wire. Make your eyes and nose out of colored paper. Glue on the head. Cut from a tangle of woolen thread 10-12 strips 2-3 cm long. Collect them in two bundles. This is the hair of the puppet. Attach them with glue on both sides of the head (somewhere above the ears).

2

To make the body of the doll, wash and welldry the plastic bottle. With a syringe needle, make 4 through piercing bottles in the places where the hands and feet will be fastened to the doll (3 punctures at the bottom - 2 at the feet and 1 at the back). Cut the wire into 5 equal pieces of 20 cm. Pass these pieces through all 5 holes. The end of each is a loop. All of them at the base of the bottle should be fixed with an adhesive tape.

3

To make the hands and feet of the doll cut 8pieces of fishing line (20 cm each). From each sheet of the newspaper, fold strips of 25x8 cm. Take 1 strip, lay the line on its edge (its ends should extend beyond the newspaper strip at equal distance). Screw the strip into a roll, fix the end with tape. On one of the remaining parts of the line, wind up another 1 same newspaper roll. All: one arm or one leg is ready. Do the same with the remaining workpieces. As a result, you should get 2 legs and 2 hands (each part - from 2 rolls).

4

Attach your hands and feet to the eyelets on the body of the doll. To make brushes and feet, cut 40 stripes 5 cm long from colored paper, divide them into 4 parts, tie them in half, attach them to your hands and feet. Sew a panty and a jacket from a fabric, put them on a doll. On your head sew a hat.

5

Make fixtures to control the puppet. Make 3 wooden slats. In the main (25 cm), drill one hole at one end, in the front (15 cm) - 1 hole from each edge, in the rear (13 cm) - 2 holes from each edge. Fix all these bars so that the front and back are perpendicular to the main bar. Pass all the holes in the fasteners to the fishing line, the second end of which is attached to the loops on the doll.

You will need

• 1. Newspapers or paper;
• 2. Clay or glue;
• 3. The base under the form;
• 4. Vegetable oil;
• 5. Wire;
• 6. Balloons;
• 7. Fundamentals of masks;
• 8. Paints and varnish.

Instructions

1

To begin with, you can try to create a non-closeda figure, for example, a plate. To do this, we need to prepare a paste based on flour or starch. To do this, mix starch or flour with a small amount of cold water so that the lumps disappear. Then add a little boiling water and put on fire. Heat the mass until the mixture is completely clear. Also for these purposes you can use conventional PVA glue.

2

Next, you need to pick enoughpaper or newspaper. This is easier if you first break the paper into strips of ten centimeters long, and then break them into small pieces 2 by 2 centimeters in size. If you do not plan on painting the product in future, then it's better to take white paper.

3

Then we take the basis. As a rule, a saucer, a plate or a bowl is very suitable for this purpose. Lightly cover the bottom of the dishes with vegetable oil (so that it is easier to remove the papier-mache), and then start to glue the paper on it.

4

After applying the first layer, we give the productdry a little and apply the next layer. In this sequence, you need to make 5-6 layers. After that carefully cut the edge of the paper flush with the side of the plate, so that your papier-mâché had smooth edges.

5

Put the plate in a dry warm place for about a day. During this time, the paper should dry completely. Carefully we separate the paper plate from the ceramic and proceed to its painting.

6

For coloring papier-mache is best suitedwatercolor and acrylic paints. First you need to make the product a uniform background, let it dry, and then you can apply patterns. In the end, the dishes can be varnished.

7

Also from papier-mache can make beautifulornaments in the form of a ball. To do this, you need a balloon. Inflate it to the required size, oil it and start applying layers of paper as described above. After drying, carefully puncture the balloon, remove it, and decorate the ball of papier-mache beautifully.

8

With the help of papier-mache you can make beautiful masks. To do this, you need a foundation. It can be made from a hockey mask, plasticine or clay. If you want to make a mask of your face, you need to lubricate it with petroleum jelly, cook an oval cake of clay and gently put on your face, having made holes for the eyes. After half an hour, the mask will hardly cool. Gently remove it and leave to dry for 24 hours. Then the clay base can be pasted with paper.

9

Also with the help of this technique you can dooriginal sculptures. To do this, you need to make a wire frame, and then apply layers of paper to it. Thus, from papier-mache you can make a lot of original handicrafts and ornaments for your house.

You will need

• torn napkins, newspapers, white paper, PVA glue or natural paste, clay, clay, petrolatum, paints

Instructions

1

Make a papier-mache doll yourselfrelatively not difficult. With this technology, even junior schoolchildren are successfully coping with little help from adults. But the joy of such an occupation brings a lot.

2

There are two main ways to create dolls frompapier-mache: 1) sculpting figures from a soft mass consisting of torn paper and glue; 2) gluing pieces of paper in layers on a preformed form. It is important to consider that both technologies require time for drying products and patience in work. To create dolls, the second method is preferable - sticking paper to the blank, as it allows you to pre-create blanks with the required characteristics.

3

When creating dolls, depending on their purposepapier-mache can be made as one head and handles, and the figure as a whole. For the puppet theater and toys it is more convenient to make paper only the head, and the body of the doll to sew from the fabric. In this case, it will be more mobile and resistant to destruction.

4

To create a workpiece, which subsequentlypaper will be glued on, clay or plasticine will be used. The dummy is shaped in the form of a desired figure or face. After drying (hardening) of the workpiece, it is covered with a thin layer of petroleum jelly, and then on it layers are torn pieces of paper impregnated with glue composition. For lower, base layers, it is more convenient to use newsprint, which is more friable and when it gets wetter it takes better shape. As a glue solution use flour (starch) paste or glue based on PVA. The top layer of papier-mache is always made of white, sufficiently thick paper, on which you can then apply the paint.

5

After a complete pasting of the workpiece into severaldense layers, the product is deposited for a couple of days until the paper dries completely. It must be remembered that the figures can not be dried near heating appliances or stoves, so that the paper layer does not wrinkle and become brittle.

6

Completely dried out the figure neatly cutat the lateral seams and take out the form-workpiece. The remaining two hollow halves of the doll are folded back and glued along the seam by pieces of paper impregnated with glue composition. After that, the doll is dried again. A dried up figure is painted with water-based paints - watercolor or gouache. After drying the doll's paint, make a wig of thread or artificial hair and sew clothes. If from the beginning of papier-mâché only the head and hands were made, the body is also sewn and stuffed.

Priming the walls is an important step in the finishing stage. It is carried out in order to improve the adhesion to the coating of the applied material. This operation will be especially important if the surface has not previously been painted. You can buy a special mixture for the primer, but sometimes, wanting to save, try to prepare it from the PVA glue.

PVA primer

To prepare such a primer, PVA glue must bejust mix with water. On small plots this composition works quite successfully, but for processing large surfaces the method is not recommended. The composition should be diluted with one part of the glue - two parts of water. It turns out a liquid mixture of whitish color, which is well applied to the surface. Such a primer does not possess all the qualities that are inherent in the professional staff. But if the treated surface is not very large, and after repair, the glue remained in large quantities, it is quite possible to use it in the case. Priming compounds made under production conditions provide the surface with a reliable protection from the appearance of mold. Using a compound made from PVA glue will simply provide greater surface susceptibility to subsequent application of varnish or paint. The difference of such a primer is that it does not fill all the small gaps and cracks in the surface - it simply forms a film. When choosing a primer for the adhesive mixture, do not prepare it immediately in large quantities - the bonding qualities of the mortar will deteriorate if it stays for a while. Preparation of the composition should take place in a warm room. During cooking, you must constantly mix the mixture using a stick or a special spatula. The water should not remain on the surface as a separate layer.

Consequences of priming walls using self-made primer

Making the decision to cook by yourselfprimer, it should be borne in mind that it will not have the same properties as the professional primer. Surfaces that are supposed to be treated in this way must necessarily be dry and undamaged. After the primer has dried, a thin film remains, beneath which there will be accumulated both unnecessary moisture and rust. If there are signs of leakage on the walls, it is likely that mold will start to form, and labor-intensive recovery operations will have to be carried out. The primer can be applied with the help of both a brush and a roller-as it will be more convenient for you. Apply primer in two layers, which must be dried well. You can add a little colored pigment to the mixture - this will help to see where the primer is applied to the wall, and where it is not, because by itself it is almost invisible after drying.

Preparing the adhesive

Before proceeding to the immediatemaking Santa Claus, prepare an adhesive compound. To do this, in 250 ml of cold water, dilute 2 tablespoons of flour. Stir so that there are no lumps left in the mass. In a convenient container boil 1 liter of water and in the process of boiling with a thin trickle, enter the solution. Constantly stirring, cook for 3-4 minutes. Instead of flour, you can use starch. In a saucepan with 250 ml of cold water, pour 2 tablespoons of starch. Stir well, add 750 ml of boiling water, put on fire and wait for the boil. If different kinds of manipulation with the preparation of the paste are tiring you can use PVA glue.

Framing

At the heart of the crafts lay the wire frame. From individual pieces twist the wire "little man." If the basis is a plastic bottle, make only the hands of the wire. On the part of the frame tightly wind the layers of dry cotton wool. After the figure has found a sufficient thickness, take the thread or tape and fix the cotton wool. Before gluing, divide the cotton paste into thin layers. Each element of the craft is carefully greased with PVA glue or prepared paste and apply a layer of cotton wool. Glue so that the layers are completely soaked in the paste. After completing the work on the formation of the trunk, go to the details of the face and smaller elements. In order for the surface to be smooth and smooth, during the gluing process adjust the thickness of each layer, avoid the formation of lumps.

Decorating crafts

If you have a cigarette paper at your disposal,cover the workpiece, thereby leveling the surface. Further work will be carried out only after full drying, for which it may take from 2 to 4 days. Coloring the figure with acrylic paints or thick gouache. A more even craft can be obtained if dried for several days every 3-4 layers of cotton wool. It will take longer, but the product will be more accurate. In order for the structure to gain strength, install it on a puppet holder, which can be made from wire or purchased at the handicraft store. As a decor, you can use plastic snowflakes, glitter glue, which will help create frosty patterns on a fur coat and even broken toys. With the latter it is necessary to be especially careful and perform work in gloves.

Necessary materials

To work, you need paper in a largethe amount of (any: toilet, newsprint, tissue, office, but it is advisable to soak it well); scissors; wire and pliers (for making the frame of a horse); container for glue; adhesive (preferably natural: PVA or paste to the product produced was not toxic, the necessary amount of adhesive depends on the size of the future statues); brushes; paint (better to take the acrylic as more durable products covered by them, but in their absence the usual suit and gouache); matt waterproof varnish.

A papier-mache horse: step by step

First you need to make a skeleton. For this purpose, twist the figure resembling the figure "2" from the wire - this will be the head, neck and trunk of the horse. To the resulting base to fasten five more straight delays: for the legs and tail. You can also make the base of the figurine from plasticine, but the craft on the wire frame will be more durable. Next, dilute the glue in a container of water. Cut the paper in long strips, soak it in the glue solution and crumble. Thus, a plastic material is obtained, which is excellent for molding. They need to hang a wire frame, forming a figure of a horse. To make the product more smooth and strong, it should be processed in several layers with PVA glue. Now you need to dry the horse: it is necessary to have patience, because it can take several days. After complete drying, you can start painting and decorating the resulting craft. First it is necessary to put a layer of paint of the primary color. And when it dries, draw a nose and eyes (there is also an option to make eyes, glued beads). After that, walk through the contrasting color on the mane and tail: you can color them with "gold" or "silver", use to decorate the rhinestones and sequins, and then the horse will look much more effective. And finally, the final stage: it remains only to cover the figure with a layer of waterproof varnish and dried. As a result of the work, the statuette is light and strong enough. Made of papier-mache horses can be used not only as souvenirs, but also to become toys for children. In addition, they are absolutely safe, which is not always possible to say about the current toys made in industrial conditions.