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Gynecological tests: smear on flora and culture of bacteria

The most popular analysis in gynecology is a smear onflora or bacterioscopy. The smear is taken from three sites: the vagina, the cervix, the external opening of the urethra with a disposable spatula (a plastic rod with an enlarged end). The material from each site is placed on a separate slide and then in the laboratory is examined under a microscope. The study determines the presence of pathogenic flora (enterobacteria, diphteroids, mycelium, staphylococcus, Trichomonas, chlamydia, gonococci and others).

The quality and the result of the analysis depend on the correctness of the material taking and the qualification of the laboratory assistant.

Bacteriological research canmethod of inoculation. In this case, bacteria are grown on nutrient media. This method is much more effective, thanks to it, the pathogen of infection can be detected even at a low concentration. The method allows to count the number of pathogens, determine their sensitivity to antibiotics. Analysis for bacteriological examination is taken from the cervical canal using a special sterile tampon. In the laboratory, bacteria are sown, for this purpose they touch the swab of the nutrient medium (agar-agar or gelatin).

Why do DNA diagnostics

A doctor can also prescribe DNA diagnosticsby polymerase chain reaction (PCR). In this method of investigation, the DNA of the pathogen is found in the material, in which all the information about the cell is located. DNA diagnosis can reveal an infection that is not detectable in smears (genital herpes, chlamydia, urea- and mycoplasmosis). Material for DNA diagnosis is taken from the cervical canal with a sterile disposable brush. Before taking the analysis with a cotton swab, the excreta and mucus must be removed. For all the effectiveness of this method can not be used to determine the quality of treatment of diseases.

It is undesirable to use the PCR method to diagnose gardnerellez.

Serological method of diagnosis

In order to distinguish an acute disease fromexacerbation of chronic infection, produce an additional method of diagnosis - the detection of antibodies in the blood (or serological method). Often, this analysis is prescribed to pregnant women to determine the probability of infection of the child when a pathogen is detected by DNA-diagnostics. Also, women are recommended to donate blood for this analysis when planning pregnancy. For the future child, the primary infection is most dangerous. When the primary infection in the body produced antibodies - immunoglobulins M. Their presence in the blood indicates the presence of a hidden disease that requires treatment. If immunoglobulins G are found, then the body has already developed immunity against infection, treatment in this case is not required. Simultaneous presence in the blood of both types of immunoglobulins indicates an exacerbation of a chronic infection, and the necessary therapy is prescribed.