Tip 1: What is the permissible level of sugar in the blood
Tip 1: What is the permissible level of sugar in the blood
Diabetes mellitus is very commonDisease among residents of all developed countries. The causes of its occurrence can be a variety of factors: malnutrition, excess weight, smoking and alcohol abuse, various concomitant diseases, etc. It is very important for the prevention and timely treatment of diabetes mellitus is the control of blood sugar levels.
Tip 2: What should be the blood sugar in the baby
The main source of energy in the body is theglucose - a product of the cleavage of complex molecules of carbohydrates and fats that came with food. Its excess concentration in the blood is a harbinger of diabetes mellitus, whereas a deficiency - depresses the vital functions of the organs and systems of the body. Determine the level of sugar in the blood can be in the biochemical laboratory or using a glucometer.
Instructions
1
Surrender blood to sugar should be sure in the morningon an empty stomach, after the last meal must pass at least 8 hours. If the feeling of hunger is intolerable, drink simple water without additives, dyes and preservatives. Eating, eating, active, stressful, postponed, and taking a number of medications distort the results of the study, causing a physiologically-based increase in blood sugar levels.
2
Go to the biochemical laboratoryaccording to a pediatrician's direction or test at home using a glucometer. Blood sampling for the study is done from the finger. A puncture with a scarifier or a needle of the device is carried out not in the cushion, but on the side. Do not perform this procedure on the thumb or forefinger.
3
Compare the results obtained in mmol / l with the existing physiological norm: • for infants 2.78-4.4 • for children aged 2 to 6 years 3.3-5.0 • for schoolchildren 3.3-5, 5, • for adults 3.21-6.12.
4
Identified abnormalities are not a cause for panic, butCause for additional laboratory and diagnostic procedures under the supervision of a physician. A high level of sugar in the blood can be triggered by the individual immunity of the body to increased glucose concentration or natural physiological processes in the body - stress on the examination, for example.
5
In addition to the research conducted,An oral glucose tolerance test, which is performed on an empty stomach and after taking a concentrated solution of sugar every half hour, is prescribed. The results are plotted in the coordinate plane "concentration-time" and a curve is obtained, in the form of which the presence or absence of deviations is judged. If after two hours the indicators have approached the original value, then there is no cause for concern.
6
Take a test to determine the glycolatedHemoglobin in the blood to exclude the influence of random factors on the level of sugar. This test shows the average glucose fluctuation index over the past three months. Normally, the concentration of these molecules should not exceed 5.9% of the total hemoglobin concentration of the blood. If the results obtained by you are different, then you need to go through a comprehensive examination to identify factors that trigger a violation of carbohydrate metabolism in the body.
Tip 3: What is the norm of blood sugar
The level of sugar in the blood is called glycemia, this isone of the most important indicators of human health. Exceeding this level indicates the development of diabetes mellitus - one of the most unpleasant and common diseases. A normal amount of sugar is considered to be up to 5.5 mmol per liter for fasting blood on an empty stomach.
Blood sugar level
One of the main participants in carbohydrate metabolism inthe human body - glucose, which in the colloquial language is often called simply sugar. Most of the energy produced in the human body for performing various processes is provided by the oxidation of glucose. With the help of special hormones, excess sugar in the blood is processed into glycogen for energy production. If the process of insulin production is broken in the pancreas - the main substance that processes glucose, the blood sugar level will be increased. This is one of the first symptoms of the development of diabetes. Doctors recommend that everyone, without exception, check the blood sugar level every three years. If a person is at high risk, for example, is overweight, or his relatives suffer from diabetes, then it is advisable to check at least once a year. To know the amount of glucose in the blood can be using rapid tests or laboratory analysis. The first method is simple, fast and quite effective. There are special devices for determining the concentration of glucose in the blood, they are used both in medical clinics and at home. If the device is functional and the analysis is done correctly, the result will be accurate. But even more concrete result will be shown by laboratory researches which can be spent only in clinic.Blood sugar level
When passing the capillary blood as withexpress test, and in laboratory conditions, the norm of the sugar content for people of all ages and ages is considered to be from 3.3 to 5.5 mmol per liter if the analysis was performed on an empty stomach, that is, it was not preceded by food intake for at least 8 hours. After eating, the amount of glucose in the blood rises, in which case normal values are considered from 3.3 to 7.8 mmol per liter. If venous blood is given on an empty stomach, then the norm is almost the same - up to 5.6 mmol per liter, and after meals - up to 6.7. Also, plasma analysis for glucose is done, in this case, no more than 6.1 mmol of sugar per liter should be present in capillary blood plasma 12 hours after meals, and after eating no more than 8.9. If venous blood is given, then the plasma should contain up to 6.1 mmol on an empty stomach and up to 7.8 mmol after a meal. The blood sugar content of less than 3.3 mmol is called hypoglycemia, this condition is accompanied by dizziness and deterioration of well-being: it is important for all human organs, especially the brain, to receive a sufficient amount of glucose. Increased blood sugar indicates the development of diabetes. If it fluctuates from 5.6 to 6 mmol per liter, then this is the so-called intermediate state or prediabetes. From 6.1 mmol are diagnosed as "diabetes mellitus."Tip 4: What is the permissible error in the meter?
Self-control in diabetes is considered importantComponent of treatment. To measure blood sugar at home, a glucometer is used. Admissible error in this device is higher than in laboratory analyzers of glycemia.
The measurement of blood sugar is necessary for evaluationthe effectiveness of treatment of diabetes and to adjust the dose of drugs. From the prescribed therapy depends on how many times a month you need to measure sugar. Sometimes blood sampling for analysis is needed many times during the day, sometimes enough 1-2 times a week. Self-control is especially necessary for pregnant and sick people with type 1 diabetes.
The permissible error at the glucometer by world standards
A glucometer is not considered a precision instrument. It is intended only for an approximate determination of the concentration of sugar in the blood. The permissible error at the glucometer by the world standards is 20% with glycemia more than 4,2 mmol / l. For example, if the Self fixed sugar level of 5 mmol / l, then the actual value of the concentration is in the range of 4 to 6 mmol / l. The permissible error at the meter in standard conditions is measured in percent, and not in mmol / l. The higher the numbers, the greater the error in absolute numbers. For example, if blood sugar reaches about 10 mmol / l, then the error does not exceed 2 mmol / l, and if sugar is about 20 mmol / l, then the difference with the result of laboratory measurement can be up to 4 mmol / l.In most cases, the glucometer overestimates the glycemia.Standards allow exceeding the declared error of measurement in 5% of cases. This means that every twentieth study can significantly distort the results.
Admissible error in glucometers of different firms
Glucometers are subject to mandatory certification. The documents accompanying the instrument usually indicate the digits of the permissible measurement error. If this item is not in the instruction, then the error corresponds to 20%. Some manufacturers of glucometers pay special attention to the accuracy of measurements. There are devices of European firms that have an acceptable error of less than 20%. The best indicator for today is 10-15%.Error in the meter during self-monitoring
The permissible measurement error characterizesoperation of the device. The accuracy of the study is influenced by several other factors. Improperly prepared skin, too small or large volume of blood drop, inadmissible temperature regime - all this can lead to errors. Only if all the rules of self-control are observed, you can rely on the declared permissible error of the study.The rules of self-monitoring with the help of a glucometer can be obtained from your doctor.The accuracy of the meter can be checked at the service center. Warranty obligations of manufacturers provide free consultations and troubleshooting.
Tip 5: What are the norms for palpitation?
Human health largely depends on the normalWork of the heart. That is why patient's pulse examination is an important part of medical examination. Doctors know well what kind of heartbeat is normal, but how it varies with various diseases.
The household meaning of the word "heartbeat" differs fromits scientific significance. People call a heartbeat such work of the heart that a person can hear himself as a loud knocking in the chest, which is given in the head. Doctors also call a heartbeat one cycle of the heart, consisting of contraction and relaxation (systoles and diastoles).
