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The climatic zones are basic and transitional. The main climatic zones have an unchanging air movement pattern throughout the year. In the transition areas there are signs of two main belts depending on the time of year. The main types include: 1. The equatorial belt is located on both sides of the equator. Characterized by a constant air temperature (24 ° -26 ° C heat), fluctuations in temperatures at sea less than 1 ° C. The maximum of solar heat is observed in September and March, when the sun is at its zenith. In these months, the maximum amount of precipitation falls. Annual precipitation is about 3000 mm, in the mountains precipitation can reach 6000 mm. Rain falls usually in the form of showers. There are many swampy places, dense, multi-tiered wet jungle with an exceptional variety of flora and fauna. For the majority of cultivated plants, high moisture is favorable, therefore, two crops per year are harvested in the equatorial belt. The equatorial climate belt includes the moist forests of the left tributaries of the Amazon, Andes of Ecuador and Colombia, the coast of the Gulf of Guinea, Cameroon, the right tributaries of the Congo, the upper Nile, the southern half the island of Ceylon, most of the Indonesian archipelago, parts of the Pacific and Indian oceans. 2. Tropical belt The tropic climatic zones in the Northern and Southern Hemisphere cover the areas of the year-round high-pressure region. In the tropics, the atmosphere over the continent and the ocean is different, so the oceanic tropical climate and the continental tropical climate differ. Oceanic is similar to equatorial, differs only in stable winds and less cloudiness. The summer above the oceans is warm, around + 25 ° C, and the winter is cool, on average + 12 ° C. The area of ​​high pressure prevails over the earth, rains are rare here. The mainland climate is very hot in summer and cool in winter. The daily air temperature can change dramatically. Such swings lead to frequent dust storms. In the lush evergreen forests it is always warm and humid. There is also a lot of precipitation here. The tropical climatic zone includes Africa (Sahara, Angola, Kalahari), Asia (Arabia), North America (Cuba, Mexico), South America (Peru, Bolivia, Chile, Paraguay), central Australia. 3. Moderate Belt The moderate climatic belt is far from homogeneous. It clearly shows the seasons, unlike the tropical and equatorial. The marine climate and humid continental climate are distinguished. All zones are characterized by average annual precipitation and characteristic vegetation. Marine dominates the west of North and South America, Eurasia. There are many cyclones, so the weather is unstable. In addition, the western winds blow, bringing rain all year round. Summer in this belt is warm, about + 26 ° C, winter is cold, from + 7 ° C to -50 ° C. The Continental prevails in the center of the continents. Cyclones penetrate here less often, so there is a warmer and dry summer and a colder winter. 4. The polar belt Forms two belts: the Antarctic and the Arctic. The polar belt has a unique feature - the sun does not appear here for several months (polar night) and the polar day also lasts long, when it does not go beyond the horizon. The air is very cold, the snow does not melt almost all year round. Transition zones include: 1. Subequatorial belt The northern belt includes: the Isthmus of Panama, Venezuela, Guinea, Sahelian deserts in Africa, India, Myanmar, Bangladesh, South China. The southern belt covers the Amazon lowland, Brazil, the center and the east of Africa, the north of Australia. In summer, equatorial air masses prevail here. There is a lot of precipitation, the average temperature is + 30 ° C. In winter in the subequatorial belt tropical air masses are in charge, the temperature is about + 14 ° С. The territory of this climatic zone is very favorable for human life, it was here that many civilizations arose. Subtropical climate. In this belt, the Mediterranean climate, or the subtropical one, is predominant. Almost the whole year, a lot of precipitation, so the vegetation is particularly diverse. The subtropical belt encompasses the Mediterranean, the southern coast of the Crimea, Western California, southwest Africa and Australia, the south of Japan, East China, the north of New Zealand, the Pamir and Tibet. Subpolar climate. This climate belt is located on the northern outskirts of North America and Eurasia. In summer it is cool (+ 5 ° С-10 ° С), in winter Arctic air masses come here, winters are long and cold (up to -50 ° С).