What are antonyms: examples of words
What are antonyms: examples of words
Antonyms, as a lexical-semantic phenomenon,more closely all other phenomena are related to the extralinguistic reality, since they designate those phenomena that actually exist in opposition. In the language, the antonyms exist only if the word denotes a generic concept, which has a species concept that denotes its extreme opposite.
What are antonyms?
The term "antonyms" of Greek origin is translated as "counter-name".
Antonyms are words with the opposite meaning, expressing it with the help of paradigmatic connections.
Antonyms - this is a very interesting phenomenon of language, tk. in the mind of a person are stored in the form of an antonymous couple.
Despite the fact that the opposites are opposedeach other with all their content, their semantic structure is highly homogeneous. As a rule, antonyms differ by one differential feature.
For example, a pair of antonyms "cheerful - sad" has common semantic features (quality, mood) and only one differential (positive and negative mood).
Due to the homogeneity of the semantic structure, the antonyms have an almost completely coincidental compatibility.
Types of antonyms
There are 2 types of antonyms:
1) multi-root and single-root.
Monotonous antonyms usually form an unprimed and prefix word. Examples: a friend is a foe; bad - not bad; enter - exit; come - go.
Raznokornevye antonyms completely differ in their appearance. Examples: stale - fresh; life death.
2) gradual, non-gradual and vector antonyms.
Gradual antonyms express the opposite,which assumes the existence between two extreme points of intermediate steps. Examples: ingenious - talented - gifted - medium abilities - mediocre - mediocre; smart - capable - intelligent - smart - medium abilities - stupid - limited - stupid - stupid.
Non-gradual antonyms call concepts between which there is not and can not be an intermediate degree. Examples: true - false; alive - dead; free - busy; married - single.
Vector antonyms denote the opposite direction of actions, attributes, qualities and properties. Examples: forget - remember; increase - decrease; the supporter is the enemy.
